桜

See also: 櫻 and 樱
桜 U+685C, 桜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-685C
← 桛
[U+685B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 桝 →
[U+685D]

Translingual

Traditional 櫻
Shinjitai 桜
Simplified 樱

Han character

桜 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木火女 (DFV), composition ⿰木𰋷)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 526, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14796
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 2, page 1207, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+685C

Chinese

Glyph origin

Simplified from 櫻 (嬰 → 𰋷).

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 桜 – see 櫻 (“cherry”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 櫻).
Notes:

Note

This simplification was intended to correspond with the Japanese shinjitai simplification below.

Japanese

Shinjitai

桜

Kyūjitai

櫻

Kanji

桜

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 櫻)

Readings

  • Go-on: よう (yō)←やう (yau, historical)
  • Kan-on: おう (ō, Jōyō)←あう (au, historical)
  • Kun: さくら (sakura, 桜, Jōyō)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
桜
さくら
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
櫻 (kyūjitai)

From Old Japanese,[1] first attested in the Kojiki, the oldest extant historical record of ancient Japan, compiled in 712 CE.

Originally derived from 咲く (saku, “to bloom, burst open”) +‎ 等 (-ra, nominalizing and pluralizing suffix).[2]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) さくら [sàkúrá] (Heiban – [0])[3] (general)
  • (Tokyo) さくら [sáꜜkùrà] (Atamadaka – [1]) (modern given name)
  • IPA(key): [sa̠kɯ̟ɾa̠]

Noun

桜(さくら) or 桜(サクラ) • (sakura) 

  1. a cherry tree, in Japanese contexts particularly the Japanese cherry, Prunus serrulata, yet not limited to it
    Synonym: 桜木 (sakuragi)
    Hypernym: 薔薇 (bara)
    • 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 16, poem 832)
      深草(ふかくさ)の野辺(のべ)の桜(さくら)し心(こころ)あらば今年(ことし)ばかりは墨染(すみぞめ)に咲(さ)け
      Fukakusa-no-nobe no sakura shi kokoro araba kotoshi bakari wa sumizome ni sake
      O cherry trees of Fukakusa Field! If you truly have a heart this year, at least you'll be dressed in blossoms dyed in inky black.[4]
  2. short for 桜花 (sakurabana): a cherry blossom
  3. short for 桜木 (sakuragi): cherry wood
  4. short for 桜皮 (sakuragawa): cherry bark
  5. short for 桜色 (sakura-iro): cherry blossom pink
  6. short for 桜襲, 桜重 (sakura-gasane): a layered style of wearing kimono with one layer in the sakura-iro color
  7. short for 桜肉 (sakura niku): horsemeat, from its pinkish color
  8. short for 桜湯 (sakurayu): cherry blossom tea
  9. synonym of 天保一分銀 (Tenpō ichibugin): a rectangular silver coin issued during the Tenpō era (1830–1844), so called for its cherry blossom pattern; worth one-quarter of a 両 (ryō)
  11. (card games, hanafuda) the suit of cherry blossoms in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of March
  12. (Kansai) a class of prostitute in the red-light district
  13. the middle of the dorsal fin of a fish
  14. (theater, historical) during the Edo Period, a special box or balcony seat for a hired applauder, someone requested to cheer on the performers
  15. (slang) a shill, capper, or come-on working for a store, auction, or even a swindle, who is paid to attract customers or marks
  16. (slang) an ear
  17. short for 桜炭, 佐倉炭 (Sakura-zumi): a high-quality 炭 (sumi, “charcoal”) made in 佐倉 (Sakura) in Chiba Prefecture, using 桜 as ateji for 佐倉

Usage notes
  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as サクラ (sakura). As a hanafuda term, it is typically written in kanji, as 桜.
Derived terms
  • 桜(さくら)麻(あさ) (sakura-asa)
  • 桜(さくら)井(い) (Sakurai)
  • 桜(さくら)烏賊(いか) (sakura ika)
  • 桜(さくら)色(いろ) (sakura-iro, “pink; florid”)
  • 桜(さくら)煎(い)り (sakura-iri), 桜(さくら)煮(に) (sakura-ni)
  • 桜(さくら)魚(うお) (sakura-uo)
  • 桜(さくら)鯎(うぐい) (sakura ugui)
  • 桜(さくら)会(え) (Sakura-e)
  • 桜(サクラ)海老(エビ), 桜(サクラ)蝦(エビ) (sakura-ebi)
  • 桜(さくら)麻(お) (sakurao)
  • 桜(さくら)縅(おどし) (sakura-odoshi)
  • 桜(さくら)鹿(が)の子(こ) (Sakuraga-no-ko)
  • 桜(さくら)会(かい) (Sakura-kai)
  • 桜(サクラ)貝(ガイ) (sakuragai)
  • 桜(さくら)狩(がり), 桜(さくら)狩(が)り (sakuragari)
  • 桜(さくら)襲(がさね), 桜(さくら)重(がさね) (sakura-gasane)
  • 桜(さくら)紙(がみ) (sakura-gami)
  • 桜(さくら)粥(がゆ) (sakura-gayu)
  • 桜(さくら)川(がわ) (Sakuragawa)
  • 桜(さくら)木(ぎ) (sakuragi)
  • 桜(さくら)区(く) (Sakura-ku)
  • 桜(サクラ)草(グサ) (sakuragusa)
  • 桜(さくら)御飯(ごはん) (sakura gohan)
  • 桜(サクラ)サイト (sakura saito)
  • 桜(さくら)島(じま) (Sakurajima)
  • 桜(さくら)炭(ずみ) (Sakura-zumi)
  • 桜(さくら)前線(ぜんせん) (sakura zensen, “cherry-blossom front”)
  • 桜(サクラ)草(ソウ) (sakurasō)
  • 桜(さくら)田(だ) (Sakurada)
  • 桜(サクラ)鯛(ダイ) (sakuradai)
  • 桜(サクラ)蓼(タデ) (sakuratade, “Persicaria conspicua”)
  • 桜(さくら)チーズ (sakura chīzu)
  • 桜(さくら)茶屋(ぢゃや) (sakura-jaya)
  • 桜(さくら)月(づき) (sakurazuki)
  • 桜(さくら)尽(づ)くし, 桜(さくら)尽(づく)し (sakura-zukushi)
  • 桜(さくら)漬(づけ), 桜(さくら)漬(づ)け (sakura-zuke)
  • 桜(さくら)灯籠(どうろう) (sakura-dōrō)
  • 桜(さくら)時(どき) (sakura-doki)
  • 桜鍋(さくらなべ) (sakuranabe)
  • 桜(さくら)肉(にく) (sakura niku)
  • 桜(サクラ)海苔(ノリ) (sakura nori)
  • 桜(さくら)灰(ばい) (Sakura-bai)
  • 桜花(さくらばな) (sakurabana)
  • 桜(さくら)人(びと) (sakura-bito)
  • 桜(さくら)吹雪(ふぶき) (sakura fubuki, “flurry of falling cherry blossoms”)
  • 桜(さくら)乾(ぼ)し (sakuraboshi)
  • 桜(サクラ)鱒(マス) (sakuramasu, “cherry salmon”, Oncorhynchus masou)
  • 桜(さくら)間(ま) (Sakurama)
  • 桜(さくら)丸(まる) (Sakuramaru)
  • 桜(さくら)味噌(みそ) (sakura miso)
  • 桜(さくら)結(むす)び (sakura musubi)
  • 桜(さくら)飯(めし) (sakurameshi)
  • 桜(さくら)餅(もち) (sakuramochi)
  • 桜(さくら)紅葉(もみじ) (sakura momiji)
  • 桜(さくら)守(もり) (sakuramori)
  • 桜(さくら)湯(ゆ) (sakurayu)
  • さくらレポート (Sakura-repōto)
  • 桜桃(さくらんぼ) (sakuranbo)
  • 桜(さくら)ん坊(ぼう) (sakuranbō)
  • 桜(サクラ)蘭(ラン) (sakuraran, “Hoya carnosa”)
  • 浅(アサ)葱(ギ)桜(ザクラ) (asagi-zakura)
  • 徒(あだ)桜(ざくら) (adazakura)
  • 秋(アキ)桜(ザクラ) (akizakura)
  • 朝(あさ)桜(ざくら) (asa-zakura)
  • 有明(アリアケ)桜(ザクラ) (ariake-zakura)
  • 家(いえ)桜(ざくら) (ie-zakura)
  • 石(いし)割(わ)り桜(ざくら) (ishiwari-zakura)
  • 糸(イト)桜(ザクラ) (itozakura)
  • 薄(うす)桜(ざくら) (usuzakura)
  • 淡墨(うすずみ)-桜(ざくら) (Usuzumi-zakura)
  • 薄花(うすはな)桜(ざくら) (usuhana-zakura)
  • 渦(ウズ)桜(ザクラ) (uzuzakura)
  • 雲珠(ウズ)桜(ザクラ) (uzu-zakura)
  • 姥(うば)桜(ざくら) (ubazakura)
  • 上溝(ウワミズ)桜(サクラ), 上(ウワ)不見(ミズ)桜(サクラ) (uwamizu sakura, “Prunus grayana”)
  • 江戸(エド)桜(ザクラ) (Edo-zakura)
  • 大島(オオシマ)桜(ザクラ) (Ōshima-zakura)
  • 遅(おそ)桜(ざくら) (osozakura)
  • 霞(カスミ)桜(ザクラ) (kasumizakura)
  • 堅(カタ)桜(ザクラ) (katazakura)
  • 樺(カニワ)桜(ザクラ) (kaniwazakura)
  • 樺(カバ)桜(ザクラ) (kabazakura)
  • 河(カワ)津(ヅ)桜(ザクラ) (Kawazu-zakura)
  • 寒(カン)桜(ザクラ) (kanzakura)
  • 寒(カン)緋(ヒ)桜(ザクラ) (kanhi-zakura)
  • 黄(キ)桜(ザクラ) (kizakura)
  • 葛(くず)桜(ざくら) (kuzuzakura)
  • 朽(く)ち木(き)桜(ざくら) (kuchiki-zakura)
  • 熊谷(クマガイ)桜(ザクラ) (Kumagai-zakura)
  • 雲(くも)居(い)の桜(さくら) (kumoi no sakura)
  • 小(コ)米(ゴメ)桜(ザクラ) (kogome-zakura)
  • 小(こ)桜(ざくら) (kozakura)
  • 御(ゴ)所(ショ)桜(ザクラ) (gosho-zakura)
  • 零(こぼ)れ桜(ざくら) (kobore-zakura)
  • 金剛(コンゴウ)桜(ザクラ) (kongō-zakura)
  • 西行(さいぎょう)桜(ざくら) (Saigyō-zakura)
  • 左(さ)近(こん)の桜(さくら) (Sakon no sakura)
  • 里(サト)桜(ザクラ) (satozakura)
  • 塩竈(シオガマ)桜(ザクラ) (shiogama-zakura)
  • 四季(シキ)桜(ザクラ) (shiki-zakura)
  • 垂(しだ)り桜(ざくら) (shidari-zakura, “Prunus pendula”)
  • 枝(し)垂(だ)れ桜(ざくら), 垂(シダレ)桜(ザクラ) (shidare-zakura)
  • 四手(シデ)桜(ザクラ) (shide-zakura)
  • 芝(シバ)桜(ザクラ) (shibazakura, “Phlox subulata”)
  • 十(ジュウ)月(ガツ)桜(ザクラ) (jūgatsu-zakura)
  • 秋色(しゅうしき)桜(ざくら) (Shūshiki-zakura)
  • 白(シロ)桜(ザクラ) (shirozakura)
  • 神代(じんだい)桜(ざくら) (Jindai-zakura)
  • 墨染(スミゾメ)桜(ザクラ) (sumizome-zakura)
  • 千本(せんぼん)桜(ざくら) (Senbonzakura)
  • 田打(たう)ち桜(ざくら) (tauchi-zakura)
  • 高(タカ)嶺(ネ)桜(ザクラ) (takane-zakura)
  • 滝(たき)桜(ざくら) (Takizakura)
  • 種(たね)蒔(ま)き桜(ざくら) (tanemaki-zakura)
  • 丁(チョウ)子(ジ)-桜(ザクラ) (chōjizakura)
  • 栂(ツガ)桜(ザクラ) (tsugazakura)
  • 同(どう)期(き)の桜(さくら) (dōki no sakura)
  • 遠(とお)山(やま)桜(ざくら) (tōyama-zakura)
  • 南(な)殿(でん)の桜(さくら) (Naden no sakura)
  • 匂(ニオイ)桜(ザクラ) (nioi-zakura)
  • 庭(ニワ)桜(ザクラ) (niwazakura, “Prunus glandulosa”)
  • 葉(は)桜(ざくら) (hazakura)
  • 彼(ヒ)岸(ガン)桜(ザクラ) (higan-zakura)
  • 緋(ヒ)寒(カン)桜(ザクラ) (hikanzakura)
  • 緋(ヒ)桜(ザクラ) (hizakura)
  • 美(ビ)女(ジョ)桜(ザクラ) (bijozakura, “Verbena phlogiflora”)
  • 一(ひと)重(え)桜(ざくら) (hitoe-zakura)
  • 雛桜(ヒナザクラ) (hinazakura)
  • 総(フサ)桜(ザクラ) (fusazakura, “Euptelea polyandra”)
  • 富士(フジ)桜(ザクラ) (fujizakura)
  • 不(フ)断(ダン)桜(ザクラ) (fudan-zakura)
  • 牡(ボ)丹(タン)桜(ザクラ) (botan-zakura)
  • 豆(マメ)桜(ザクラ) (mamezakura, “Prunus incisa”)
  • 実(ミ)桜(ザクラ) (mizakura)
  • 峰(ミネ)桜(ザクラ), 嶺(ミネ)桜(ザクラ) (minezakura, “Prunus nipponica”)
  • 御(み)階(はし)の桜(さくら) (Mihashi no sakura)
  • 深(ミ)山(ヤマ)桜(ザクラ) (miyama-zakura)
  • 八重(ヤエ)桜(ザクラ) (yaezakura)
  • 山(ヤマ)桜(ザクラ) (yamazakura)
  • 夜(よ)桜(ざくら) (yozakura)
  • 夕(ゆう)桜(ざくら) (yūzakura)
  • 楊(ヨウ)貴(キ)妃(ヒ)桜(ザクラ) (yōkihi-zakura)
  • 吉(ヨシ)野(ノ)桜(ザクラ) (Yoshino-zakura)
  • 若(わか)桜(ざくら) (waka-zakura)
Proverbs
  • 桜(さくら)切(き)る馬鹿(ばか)梅(うめ)切(き)らぬ馬鹿(ばか) (sakura kiru baka ume kiranu baka, “foolish to prune cherry trees but not to prune plum trees”)
  • 明日(あす)ありと思(おも)う心(こころ)の仇(あだ)桜(ざくら) (asu ari to omō kokoro no ada-zakura)
  • 梅(うめ)と桜(さくら) (ume to sakura)
  • 五月(さつき)の桜(さくら)で葉(は)ばかりさま (satsuki no sakura de ha-bakari-sama)
  • 三(みっ)日(か)見(み)ぬ間(ま)の桜(さくら) (mikka minu ma no sakura)
Descendants
  • → Amis: sakola
  • → English: sakura
  • → Indonesian: sakura
  • → Kavalan: sakula
  • → Korean: 사꾸라 (sakkura, “spy”)
  • → Kunigami: 桜 (sakūra)
  • → Okinawan: 桜 (sakura)
  • → Portuguese: sakura
See also
Hanafuda suits in Japanese · 花札のスート (hanafuda no sūto) (layout · text)
1月 (ichigatsu) 2月 (nigatsu) 3月 (sangatsu) 4月 (shigatsu) 5月 (gogatsu) 6月 (rokugatsu)
松 (matsu) 梅 (ume) 桜 (sakura) 藤 (fuji)
黒豆 (kuromame) 		菖蒲 (ayame, shōbu)
杜若 (kakitsubata) 		牡丹 (botan)
7月 (shichigatsu) 8月 (hachigatsu) 9月 (kugatsu) 10月 (jūgatsu) 11月 (jūichigatsu) 12月 (jūnigatsu)
萩 (hagi)
赤豆 (akamame) 		芒 (susuki)
坊主 (bōzu) 		菊 (kiku) 紅葉 (momiji) 柳 (yanagi)
雨 (ame) 		桐 (kiri)

Proper noun

桜(さくら) or 桜(サクラ) • (Sakura) 

桜 (sense 4)
  1. a female given name
  2. a placename
  3. a surname
  5. a piece of koto music, often entitled Sakura Sakura in English:
    さくら　さくら　弥生(やよい)の空(そら)は　見(み)渡(わた)す限(かぎ)り…
    sakura sakura yayoi no sora wa miwatasu kagiri…
    Cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms, across the spring sky, as far as the eye can see.
  6. a piece of music played at the start of 平曲 (Heikyoku, retelling of The Tale of the Heike with 琵琶 (biwa, “lute accompaniment”))

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
桜
おう
Grade: 5
kan'on
Alternative spelling
櫻 (kyūjitai)

/au/ → /ɔː/ → /oː/

From Middle Chinese 櫻 (MC 'eang).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [o̞ː]

Affix

桜(おう) • (ō) ←あう (au)?

  1. cherry tree
  2. cherry tree that bears edible fruit
  3. (US) short for サクラメント／桜府 (Sakuramento, “Sacramento (a city in California, United States)”)
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Laurel Rasplica Rodd, Mary Catherine Henkenius (1996) Kokinshū: A Collection of Poems Ancient and Modern (C & T Asian literature series; C & T Asian languages series), reprint edition, Cheng & Tsui, →ISBN, page 288
  5. ^ Princess Shikishi, Hiroaki Sato (1993) String of Beads: Complete Poems of Princess Shikishi (A publication of the School of Hawaiian, Asian & Pacific studies; SHAPS library of translations), illustrated edition, University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, page 77

Okinawan

Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 桜 (sakura).

Pronunciation

  • (Shuri-Naha) さ​くら[sáꜜkùrà] (Kakō - [1])
  • IPA(key): [sakuɾa]

Noun

桜(さくら) (sakura) 

  1. a cherry tree

Derived terms

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.