炭
See also: 灰
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Translingual
Han character
炭 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 山大火 (UKF) or 山一火 (UMF), four-corner 22289, composition ⿱山⿸厂火(HJKTV) or ⿱山灰(G))
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 668, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18953
- Dae Jaweon: page 1077, character 24
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2195, character 15
- Unihan data for U+70AD
Chinese
| trad. | 炭 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 炭 | |
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tŋ̊ʰaːns): semantic 火 (“fire”) + abbreviated phonetic 岸 (OC *ŋɡaːns).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tarl (“charcoal; dust; ashes”). Cognate with Tibetan ཐལ་བ (thal ba, “ashes; dust; dirt”).
Derivative: 碳 (tàn, “carbon”).
- (ACG slang) -tan
- Borrowed from Japanese たん (tan). Also from the manga Binchō-tan, which features -tan suffix characters that are anthropomorphic representations of charcoal.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): tan3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): tan3
- Northern Min (KCR): tui̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): táng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tua4 / tuann4 / tang4
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5the
- Xiang
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: tàn
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tàn
- Wade–Giles: tʻan4
- Yale: tàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tann
- Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰän⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: taan3
- Yale: taan
- Cantonese Pinyin: taan3
- Guangdong Romanization: tan3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰaːn³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: han1
- Sinological IPA (key): /han³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: than
- Hakka Romanization System: tan
- Hagfa Pinyim: tan4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰan⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: tanˇ
- Sinological IPA: /tʰan¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: tan4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰan⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tui̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰuiŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tua4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tua̍ⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰua⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tuann4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰũã⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tang4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ta̍ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰaŋ⁴²/
- (Putian)
Note:
- tua4/tuann4 - vernacular;
- tang4 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàn
- Tâi-lô: thàn
- Phofsit Daibuun: taxn
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰan²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰan⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòaⁿ
- Tâi-lô: thuànn
- Phofsit Daibuun: tvoax
- IPA (Taipei): /tʰuã¹¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰuã⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tʰuã²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- thàn - literary;
- thòaⁿ - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tuan3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thuàⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰũã²¹³/
- (Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: tua3 / tang3
- Sinological IPA: /tʰua²¹/, /tʰaŋ²¹/
Note:
- tua3 - vernacular;
- tang3 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: thanH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tʰ]ˤa[n]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tŋ̊ʰaːns/
Definitions
炭
- charcoal
- 炭火 ― tànhuǒ ― charcoal fire
- charcoal-like substance
- charcoal fire; hot charcoal
- (dialectal) coal
- alternative form of 碳 (tàn, “carbon”)
- (ACG, Internet slang) -tan
Synonyms
- (charcoal):
Dialectal synonyms of 炭 (“charcoal”) [map]
- (charcoal fire): 炭火 (tànhuǒ)
- (coal):
Dialectal synonyms of 煤 (“coal”) [map]
Compounds
- 冰炭 (bīngtàn)
- 冰炭不洽
- 吞炭
- 吞炭漆身
- 塗炭 / 涂炭 (tútàn)
- 塗炭生民 / 涂炭生民
- 塗炭生靈 / 涂炭生灵 (tútànshēnglíng)
- 戴炭簍子 / 戴炭篓子
- 打醋炭
- 握炭流湯 / 握炭流汤
- 木炭 (mùtàn)
- 木炭畫 / 木炭画 (mùtànhuà)
- 民墜塗炭 / 民坠涂炭
- 民生塗炭 / 民生涂炭
- 泥炭 (nítàn)
- 浮炭
- 漆身吞炭
- 瀝青炭 / 沥青炭
- 火炭 (huǒtàn)
- 灰炭
- 炭化 (tànhuà)
- 炭墼
- 炭層 / 炭层
- 炭敬
- 炭火 (tànhuǒ)
- 炭烤
- 炭疽病 (tànjūbìng)
- 炭盆 (tànpén)
- 炭窩 / 炭窝
- 炭窯 / 炭窑 (tànyáo)
- 炭筆 / 炭笔 (tànbǐ)
- 炭筆畫 / 炭笔画
- 炭簍子 / 炭篓子
- 炭米
- 炭精
- 炭精棒
- 炭精筆 / 炭精笔
- 炭精紙 / 炭精纸
- 焦炭 (jiāotàn)
- 煤炭 (méitàn)
- 熟炭
- 熛炭
- 熾炭 / 炽炭
- 燒炭 / 烧炭 (shāotàn)
- 爆炭
- 獸炭 / 兽炭
- 生民塗炭 / 生民涂炭
- 生炭
- 生靈塗炭 / 生灵涂炭 (shēnglíngtútàn)
- 白炭
- 石炭 (shítàn)
- 石炭紀 / 石炭纪 (Shítàn Jì)
- 紅頭黑炭 / 红头黑炭
- 草炭 (cǎotàn)
- 荼炭
- 蜃炭
- 褐炭
- 踐冰履炭 / 践冰履炭
- 雪中送炭 (xuězhōngsòngtàn)
- 雪裡送炭 / 雪里送炭
- 骨炭 (gǔtàn)
- 麩炭 / 麸炭
- 黑炭
Descendants
Others:
- → Khmer: ធ្យូង (thyuung)
- → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *thanᴴ (“charcoal”)
- White Hmong: thee
- → Lao: ຖ່ານ (thān)
- → Thai: ถ่าน (tàan)
- → Vietnamese: than
Japanese
| Shinjitai | 炭 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
炭 炭or 炭+ ︀?
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| 炭󠄁 炭+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 炭󠄃 炭+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji
炭
(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 炭)
Readings
Compounds
- 泥炭 (sukumo)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 炭 |
| すみ Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 炭 – see the following entry. | ||
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| (This term, 炭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 炭 |
| たん Grade: 3 |
From Middle Chinese 炭 (MC thanH).
Pronunciation
Noun
炭 • (tan)
- (rare) charcoal
- (rare) coal (fossil fuel)
Usage notes
This reading is only very rarely used as a standalone noun. Much more commonly encountered in compounds.
Derived terms
Proper noun
炭 • (Tan)
- a surname
Further reading
- Entry in Gogen-Allguide (in Japanese)
References
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 炭 (MC thanH). Recorded as Middle Korean 탄〯 (thǎn) (Yale: than) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
Han character
炭: Hán Nôm readings: thán, than, tro
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