弓箭

Chinese

		a bow (weapon)	arrow
trad. (弓箭)		弓	箭
simp. ^#(弓箭)		弓	箭

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): gōngjiàn

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧㄢˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гунҗян (gunži͡an, I-III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ zin³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kiûng-chien

(Hailu, HRS): giung^ˋ zien^ˇ
Puxian Min (Putian, Pouseng Ping'ing): goeng¹ zieng⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): keng-chìⁿ / kiong-chìⁿ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongjiàn
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-chien⁴
  - Yale: gūng-jyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongjiann
  - Palladius: гунцзянь (gunczjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    公建
    工件
    工建
    弓箭
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гунҗян (gunži͡an, I-III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ²⁴ t͡ɕiæ̃⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung¹ zin³
  - Yale: gūng jin
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ dzin³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ jin³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siːn³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng-chien
  - Hakka Romanization System: giung^ˊ jien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹ jian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si̯en⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: giung^ˋ zien^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /kiuŋ⁵³ t͡sien¹¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: goeng¹ zieng⁴ [Phonetic: goeng² nieng⁴]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ge̤ng-cia̍ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^(t͡s-)niɛŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-chìⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: king-tsìnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kengcvix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sĩ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sĩ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sĩ²¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong-chìⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kiong-tsìnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiongcvix
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sĩ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sĩ²¹/

Noun

弓箭

bow and arrow (Classifier: 副 m)
- 軍馬亦是裸體跣足，右手執摽槍，左手執戰牌，别無所謂弓箭、砲石、甲胄之屬。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  军马亦是裸体跣足，右手执摽枪，左手执战牌，别无所谓弓箭、炮石、甲胄之属。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. 1300, 周達觀 / 周达观 (Zhou Daguan), 《真臘風土記 / 真腊风土记》 (The Customs of Cambodia), translation by Peter Harris
  Jūnmǎ yì shì luǒtǐ xiǎnzú, yòushǒu zhí biào qiāng, zuǒshǒu zhí zhàn pái, bié wú suǒwèi gōngjiàn, pàoshí, jiǎzhòu zhī shǔ. [Pinyin]
  The soldiers, too, go naked and barefoot. In their right hand they carry a lance, and in their left hand a shield. They have nothing that could be called bows and arrows, trebuchets, body armor, helmets, or the like.

Synonyms

(literary) 弓矢 (gōngshǐ)

Derived terms

弓箭手 (gōngjiànshǒu)
弓箭步 (gōngjiànbù)
開弓沒有回頭箭 / 开弓没有回头箭 (kāigōng méiyǒu huítóu jiàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (弓箭):

→ Japanese: 弓箭(きゅうせん) (kyūsen)
→ Korean: 궁전(弓箭) (gungjeon)

References

小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “弓箭”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎^[1] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
“Entry #693”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “弓箭”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 209.