天狗

Chinese

		day; sky; heaven	dog
simp. and trad. (天狗)		天	狗

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tiāngǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢㄍㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tin¹ gau²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thiên-kiéu
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thian-káu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tiāngǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢㄍㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tiangǒu
  - Wade–Giles: tʻien¹-kou³
  - Yale: tyān-gǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiangoou
  - Palladius: тяньгоу (tjanʹgou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tin¹ gau²
  - Yale: tīn gáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tin¹ gau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: tin¹ geo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-kiéu
  - Hakka Romanization System: tien^ˊ gieu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tian¹ gieu³
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴ ki̯eu̯³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-káu
  - Tâi-lô: thian-káu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tienkao
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kau⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ kau⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kau⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kau⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kau⁴¹/

Noun

天狗

(Chinese mythology) tiangou
(Japanese mythology, Shinto, folklore) tengu

Derived terms

天狗吃太陽 / 天狗吃太阳
天狗吃日 (tiāngǒu chīrì)
天狗吃日頭 / 天狗吃日头 (tiāngǒu chī rìtou)
天狗吃月
天狗吃月亮
天狗吞月
天狗熱 / 天狗热 (tiāngǒurè)
天狗螺
天狗食日 (tiāngǒu shírì)
天狗食月 (tiāngǒu shíyuè)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (天狗):

→ Japanese: 天狗(てんぐ) (tengu)
→ Korean: 천구(天狗) (cheon'gu)
→ Vietnamese: thiên cẩu (天狗)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
天	狗
てん Grade: 1	く > ぐ Hyōgai
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 天狗 (MC then kuwX, “heaven + dog”). First appears in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).

The Chinese version of tengu (Tiangou) was originally more of a dog-like spirit or falling star. As the term and idea were imported into Japanese, the character became associated with 修験道 (“Shugendō, a kind of syncretism of Buddhist and native Japanese elements”), and the Japanese tengu changed to resemble either a long-nosed 山伏 (yamabushi, “mountain monk”, a practitioner of Shugendō) with bright-red skin, or a crow.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) てんぐ [tèńgú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [tẽ̞ŋɡɯ̟]

Noun

天(てん)狗(ぐ) • (tengu)

(Japanese mythology, Shinto, folklore) a tengu, a mythical Japanese creature, typically birdlike and having a long nose
- 1999 September 23, “カラス天(てん)狗(ぐ) [Crow Tengu]”, in Vol.5, Konami:
  
  様(さま)々(ざま)なことを知(し)っている天(てん)狗(ぐ)。神(じん)通(つう)力(りき)が使(つか)えるという。
  Samazama na koto o shitte iru tengu. Jintsūriki ga tsukaeru to iu.
  An omniscient tengu. They say it uses divine power.
(figurative) a yamabushi
(Noh) a tengu mask
(historical) the Christian devil, Satan
(figurative, from the tengu's long nose) pridefulness; someone who is very prideful, boastful, or full of oneself (compare English look down one's nose)

Derived terms

天(てん)狗(ぐ)鮫(ざめ) (tengu-zame): Mitsukurina owstoni, the goblin shark
天(テン)狗(グ)猿(ザル) (tengu-zaru): Nasalis larvatus, the proboscis monkey
天(テン)狗(グ)貝(ガイ) (tengu-gai): Chicoreus ramosus, the ramose murex or branched murex
天(テン)狗(グ)鍬(クワ)形(ガタ) (tengu kuwagata): Veronica serpyllifolia, the thyme-leaved speedwell or thymeleaf speedwell
天狗蝙蝠(テングコウモリ) (tengu kōmori): Murina hilgendorfi
天(てん)狗(ぐ)根(こん)性(じょう) (tengukonjō): a self-centered personality, a prideful or boastful disposition
天(てん)狗(ぐ)酒(ざけ) (tenguzake): a feast, banquet, or party with lots of alcohol; a drinking party
天(てん)狗(ぐ)星(せい) (tengusei): a kind of shooting star, one that includes a loud sound and a bright light
天(てん)狗(ぐ)巣(す) (tengusu): literally “tengu nest”, a place on a tree where many small branches grow
天(テン)狗(グ)茸(タケ) (tengu take): Amanita pantherina, the poisonous panther cap or false blusher mushroom
天狗蝶(テングチョウ) (tengu-chō)
天狗(テング)の太刀(タチ) (tengu no tachi)
天狗(てんぐ)の爪(つめ) (tengu no tsume)
天狗(てんぐ)の鉞(まさかり) (tengu no masakari)
天狗(テング)の飯匙(メシガイ) (tengu no meshigai)
海天狗(ウミテング) (umitengu)

Descendants

→ Chinese: 天狗 (tiāngǒu) (reborrowed for the Japanese sense)
→ English: tengu
→ French: tengu
→ Korean: 텐구 (ten'gu)
→ Russian: тэ́нгу (tɛ́ngu)

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-4] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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