弔

See also: 弓, 弖, and 吊

弔	U+5F14, 弔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F14

← 弓
[U+5F13]

CJK Unified Ideographs

引 →
[U+5F15]

Translingual

Han character

弔 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓中 (NL) or 難弓中 (XNL), four-corner 1752₇, composition ⿻弓丨)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 356, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9698
Dae Jaweon: page 671, character 27
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 989, character 1
Unihan data for U+5F14

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 弔
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
盄	*tjiw
弔	*tiːwɢ
伄	*tiːwɢs

A man over an arrow tied to a silk thread; the original meaning was "shooting arrows to birds and wild beasts". In the modern version, the man on top has disappeared. A conservative variant is 𢎣.

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 弔 – see 吊 (“to condole; to mourn; to pity; to hang; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 吊).

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		弔

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dì (di⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dik¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dì
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dì
  - Wade–Giles: ti⁴
  - Yale: dì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dih
  - Palladius: ди (di)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dik¹
  - Yale: dīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: dig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɪk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: tek

Rime
Character	弔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	都歷切
Baxter	tek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/tek̚/
Wang Li	/tiek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	di
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤ[i]wk/

(Zhengzhang): /*tiːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	弔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	diào
Middle Chinese	‹ tek ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁ[i]wk/
English	arrive
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	弔
Reading #	1/1
No.	2363
Phonetic component
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	的
Old Chinese	/*tiːwɢ/

Definitions

弔

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to reach; to arrive
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) good

Japanese

Kanji

弔

(Jōyō kanji)

condolences

Readings

Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)^{←てう (teu, historical)}
Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)^{←てう (teu, historical)}
Kun: とむらう (tomurau, 弔う, Jōyō)、とぶらう (toburau, 弔う)、つる (tsuru)

Korean

Hanja

弔 • (jo, jeok) (hangeul 조, 적, revised jo, jeok, McCune–Reischauer cho, chŏk, Yale co, cek)

to condole, to mourn, to pity
to hang

Vietnamese

Han character

弔: Hán Nôm readings: điếu^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

to condole; to mourn
(obsolete) to hang

References

^ Génibrel (1898).
^ Bonet (1899).
^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
^ Nguyễn (1974).
^ Trần (1999).
^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[genibrel-1] Génibrel (1898).

[bonet-2] Bonet (1899).

[Thiều_Chửu_(1942)-3] Thiều Chửu (1942).

[Nguyễn_(1974)-4] Nguyễn (1974).

[Trần_(1999)-5] Trần (1999).

[tdcntd-6] Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]