啼哭

Chinese

		mourn; to cry; hoof	to cry; to weep
simp. and trad. (啼哭)		啼	哭

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tíkū

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧˊ ㄎㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tai⁴ huk¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thî-khàu / thê-khok

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tíkū
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˊ ㄎㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tíku
  - Wade–Giles: tʻi²-kʻu¹
  - Yale: tí-kū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyiku
  - Palladius: тику (tiku)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi³⁵ kʰu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tai⁴ huk¹
  - Yale: tàih hūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tai⁴ huk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: tei⁴ hug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɐi̯²¹ hʊk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thî-khàu
  - Tâi-lô: thî-khàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ti'qaux
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰi¹³⁻²² kʰau²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰau¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰi²⁴⁻²² kʰau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰi²³⁻³³ kʰau²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰi²⁴⁻²² kʰau²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thê-khok
  - Tâi-lô: thê-khok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: te'qog
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰe¹³⁻²² kʰɔk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: dej khuwk

Rime
Character	啼	哭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	I
Fanqie	杜奚切	空谷切
Baxter	dej	khuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dei/	/kʰuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dei/	/kʰuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛi/	/kʰuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛj/	/kʰəwk̚/
Li Rong	/dei/	/kʰuk̚/
Wang Li	/diei/	/kʰuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱiei/	/kʰuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tí	ku
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tai⁴	huk¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.lˤe [kʰ]ˤok/

(Zhengzhang): /*deː ŋ̊ʰoːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	啼	哭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tí	kū
Middle Chinese	‹ dej ›	‹ khuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*C.lˁe/	/*[kʰ]ˁok/
English	weep, howl	weep
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啼	哭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2315	16031
Phonetic component	帝	獄
Rime group	支	屋
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	嗁	哭
Old Chinese	/*deː/	/*ŋ̊ʰoːɡ/
Notes	同嗁	說文獄省聲

Verb

啼哭

to cry loudly; to wail

Synonyms

咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
哭 (kū)
哭泣 (kūqì)
哭訴 / 哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
哭鼻子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous)
啜氣 / 啜气 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
啜泣 (chuòqì)
啼 (tí) (literary, or in compounds)
嗆 / 呛 (Hokkien)
嗚咽 / 呜咽 (wūyè)
大哭 (dàkū) (to weep loudly)
忽喇 (hueh⁴ ci¹) (Jin)
抽咽 (chōuyè)
抽啜 (chōuchuò)
抽噎 (chōuyē)
抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
抽泣 (chōuqì)
泣 (literary, or in compounds)
流淚 / 流泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)
流眼淚 / 流眼泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)
痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)
號哭 / 号哭 (háokū) (to wail)
號啕 / 号啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)
飲泣 / 饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
啼	哭
てい Hyōgai	こく Hyōgai
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) てーこく [tèékókú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [te̞ːko̞kɯ̟]

Noun

啼(てい)哭(こく) • (teikoku)

crying and shouting loudly

Verb

啼(てい)哭(こく)する • (teikoku suru) suru (stem 啼(てい)哭(こく)し (teikoku shi), past 啼(てい)哭(こく)した (teikoku shita))

to cry and shout loudly

Conjugation

Conjugation of "啼哭する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	啼哭し	ていこくし	teikoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	啼哭し	ていこくし	teikoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	啼哭する	ていこくする	teikoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	啼哭する	ていこくする	teikoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	啼哭すれ	ていこくすれ	teikoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	啼哭せよ¹ 啼哭しろ²	ていこくせよ¹ ていこくしろ²	teikoku seyo¹ teikoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	啼哭される	ていこくされる	teikoku sareru
Causative	啼哭させる啼哭さす	ていこくさせるていこくさす	teikoku saseru teikoku sasu
Potential	啼哭できる	ていこくできる	teikoku dekiru
Volitional	啼哭しよう	ていこくしよう	teikoku shiyō
Negative	啼哭しない	ていこくしない	teikoku shinai
Negative continuative	啼哭せず	ていこくせず	teikoku sezu
Formal	啼哭します	ていこくします	teikoku shimasu
Perfective	啼哭した	ていこくした	teikoku shita
Conjunctive	啼哭して	ていこくして	teikoku shite
Hypothetical conditional	啼哭すれば	ていこくすれば	teikoku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

哭泣(こっきゅう) (kokkyū)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN