啼
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Translingual
Han character
啼 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 口卜月月 (RYBB), four-corner 60027, composition ⿰口帝)
Derived characters
- 𮟍
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 197, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3887
- Dae Jaweon: page 418, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 659, character 10
- Unihan data for U+557C
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
啼 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (帝) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 膪 | *rtaːɡs, *rteːɡs |
| 揥 | *tʰeds, *teː |
| 腣 | *teː, *teːɡs |
| 諦 | *teːɡs |
| 偙 | *teːɡs |
| 渧 | *teːɡs |
| 帝 | *teːɡs |
| 楴 | *tʰeːɡs |
| 啼 | *deː |
| 蹄 | *deː |
| 締 | *deː, *deːɡs |
| 崹 | *deː |
| 鶙 | *deː |
| 禘 | *deːɡs |
| 啻 | *hljeɡs |
| 嫡 | *rteɡ, *teːɡ |
| 摘 | *rteːɡ, *tʰeːɡ |
| 謫 | *rteːɡ |
| 讁 | *rteːɡ |
| 擿 | *deɡ |
| 蹢 | *deɡ, *teːɡ |
| 適 | *tjeɡ, *hljeɡ, *teːɡ |
| 啇 | *teːɡ |
| 滴 | *teːɡ |
| 鏑 | *teːɡ |
| 甋 | *teːɡ |
| 樀 | *teːɡ, *deːɡ |
| 敵 | *deːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *deː): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ti2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ti1
- Northern Min (KCR): tî
- Eastern Min (BUC): tiè / tà̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6di
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): di2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: tí
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tí
- Wade–Giles: tʻi2
- Yale: tí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyi
- Palladius: ти (ti)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ti2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ti
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tai4
- Yale: tàih
- Cantonese Pinyin: tai4
- Guangdong Romanization: tei4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɐi̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hai²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thài / tì
- Hakka Romanization System: taiˇ / diˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tai2 / di2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰai̯¹¹/, /ti¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: tai2 / ti2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰaɪ¹¹/, /tʰi¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Note:
- thài/tai2 - vernacular;
- tì/ti2 - literary.
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tî
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
Note:
- tiè - vernacular;
- tà̤ - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thî
- Tâi-lô: thî
- Phofsit Daibuun: tii
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tʰi²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰi²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thê
- Tâi-lô: thê
- Phofsit Daibuun: tee
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /tʰe²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tê
- Tâi-lô: tê
- Phofsit Daibuun: dee
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /te¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou:
- thî - vernacular;
- thê - literary.
- Middle Chinese: dej
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.lˤe/
- (Zhengzhang): /*deː/
Definitions
啼
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to cry loudly; to wail
- 啼哭 ― tíkū ― to cry loudly; to wail
- 哭哭啼啼 ― kūkū-títí ― to cry continuously
- 啼笑皆非 ― tíxiàojiēfēi ― to be so ridiculous that it is both saddening and provokes laughter at the same time
- 呼天而啼,盡哀而止。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE
- Hūtiān ér tí, jìn'āi ér zhǐ. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
呼天而啼,尽哀而止。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- (dialectal, by extension) to cry; to weep
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of birds or beasts) to call; to cry; to howl
- a surname
Synonyms
- (to cry):
- 咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
- 哭 (kū)
- 哭泣 (kūqì)
- 哭訴 / 哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
- 哭鼻子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous)
- 啜氣 / 啜气 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 啜泣 (chuòqì)
- 啼哭 (tíkū) (to cry loudly)
- 嗆 / 呛 (Hokkien)
- 嗚咽 / 呜咽 (wūyè)
- 大哭 (dàkū) (to weep loudly)
- 忽喇 (hueh4 ci1) (Jin)
- 抽咽 (chōuyè)
- 抽啜 (chōuchuò)
- 抽噎 (chōuyē)
- 抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
- 抽泣 (chōuqì)
- 泣 (literary, or in compounds)
- 流淚 / 流泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)
- 流眼淚 / 流眼泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)
- 痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)
- 號哭 / 号哭 (háokū) (to wail)
- 號啕 / 号啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)
- 飲泣 / 饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)
Dialectal synonyms of 哭 (“to cry; to weep”) [map]
Compounds
- 乾啼濕哭 / 干啼湿哭
- 亂啼 / 乱啼
- 兒啼 / 儿啼
- 兒啼帖 / 儿啼帖
- 初試啼聲 / 初试啼声
- 含啼
- 呱呱啼
- 呱啼
- 哭哭啼啼 (kūkutítí)
- 啼叫 (tíjiào)
- 啼呼
- 啼咽
- 啼哭 (tíkū)
- 啼哭郎君
- 啼唱
- 啼喚 / 啼唤
- 啼啼哭哭
- 啼嘛
- 啼天哭地
- 啼妝 / 啼妆
- 啼明
- 啼明雞 / 啼明鸡
- 啼泣
- 啼珠
- 啼痕
- 啼眼
- 啼笑皆非 (tíxiàojiēfēi)
- 啼粧 / 啼妆
- 啼聲 / 啼声
- 啼號 / 啼号
- 啼血
- 啼謼 / 啼呼
- 啼飢號寒 / 啼饥号寒 (tíjīháohán)
- 啼饑 / 啼饥
- 啼饑號寒 / 啼饥号寒
- 啼魂
- 啼鳴 / 啼鸣 (tímíng)
- 啼鵑 / 啼鹃
- 嗥啼
- 嬌啼 / 娇啼
- 射像止啼
- 怨啼鵑 / 怨啼鹃
- 悲啼 (bēití)
- 月落烏啼 / 月落乌啼
- 望帝啼鵑 / 望帝啼鹃
- 杜鵑啼血 / 杜鹃啼血
- 柳啼花怨
- 柳泣花啼
- 濕哭乾啼 / 湿哭干啼
- 烏啼 / 乌啼 (wūtí)
- 烏啼引 / 乌啼引
- 烏夜啼 / 乌夜啼
- 燕舞鶯啼 / 燕舞莺啼
- 燕語鶯啼 / 燕语莺啼
- 狗盜雞啼 / 狗盗鸡啼
- 猿啼鶴唳 / 猿啼鹤唳
- 猿啼鶴怨 / 猿啼鹤怨
- 玉啼
- 盜啼 / 盗啼
- 破啼
- 葫蘆啼 / 葫芦啼
- 號寒啼飢 / 号寒啼饥 (háohántíjī)
- 蟬啼 / 蝉啼
- 詀啼 / 𧮪啼
- 詛啼 / 诅啼
- 銜啼 / 衔啼
- 雌雉啼
- 驚啼 / 惊啼
- 鳥哭猿啼 / 鸟哭猿啼
- 鳥啼花怨 / 鸟啼花怨
- 鳥啼花落 / 鸟啼花落
- 鴞啼鬼嘯 / 鸮啼鬼啸
- 鵑啼 / 鹃啼
- 鶯啼 / 莺啼
- 鶯啼序 / 莺啼序
- 鶯啼燕語 / 莺啼燕语
- 齊壘啼烏 / 齐垒啼乌
References
- “啼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
啼
- to cry, to call (e.g. as a bird does -- see 鳴く)
Readings
Korean
Hanja
啼 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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