杜
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Translingual
Han character
杜 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木土 (DG), four-corner 44910, composition ⿰木土)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 512, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14477
- Dae Jaweon: page 897, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1157, character 2
- Unihan data for U+675C
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 杜 | |
|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Etymology 1
| simp. and trad. |
杜 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 土 𡉿 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): du3
- Eastern Min (BUC): dô
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dou5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6du
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: dù
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dù
- Wade–Giles: tu4
- Yale: dù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duh
- Palladius: ду (du)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dou6
- Yale: douh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dou6
- Guangdong Romanization: dou6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: u5
- Sinological IPA (key): /u³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu
- Hakka Romanization System: tu
- Hagfa Pinyim: tu4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰu⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: tu˖
- Sinological IPA: /tʰu³³/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: tu4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰu⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dou5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dō
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔu¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dou5
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔu²¹/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
- Tâi-lô: tōo
- Phofsit Daibuun: do
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔ³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒ͘
- Tâi-lô: tǒo
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dou6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŏu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: duX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːʔ/
Definitions
杜
- birch-leaved pear (Pyrus betulifolia)
- to stop; to prevent; to block
- to reject
- (obsolete) to pound; to strike
- (obsolete, dialectal) astringent
- (obsolete, dialectal) root
- Asarum forbesii
- Pollia japonica
- name of an ancient pre-Qin state located in present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi
- a surname
Compounds
- 召父杜母
- 小杜
- 慎防杜漸 / 慎防杜渐
- 憑空杜撰
- 房杜姚宋
- 房謀杜斷 / 房谋杜断
- 有杕之杜
- 杜口 (dùkǒu)
- 杜口吞聲 / 杜口吞声
- 杜口無言 / 杜口无言
- 杜口絕舌 / 杜口绝舌
- 杜口結舌 / 杜口结舌
- 杜口絕言 / 杜口绝言
- 杜口裹足
- 杜塞
- 杜宇 (dùyǔ)
- 杜山 (Dùshān)
- 杜工部
- 杜康 (dùkāng)
- 杜弊
- 杜微慎防
- 杜撰 (dùzhuàn)
- 李杜 (Lǐ-Dù)
- 杕杜
- 杜梨 (dùlí)
- 杜漸防微 / 杜渐防微
- 杜漸防萌 / 杜渐防萌
- 杜漸除微 / 杜渐除微
- 杜瓦 (Dùwǎ)
- 杜皮 (Dùpí)
- 杜絕 / 杜绝 (dùjué)
- 杜絕後患 / 杜绝后患
- 杜若 (dùruò)
- 杜茅柴
- 杜蘅 (dùhéng)
- 杜諫 / 杜谏
- 杜郵之戮 / 杜邮之戮
- 杜門 / 杜门 (dùmén)
- 杜門不出 / 杜门不出
- 杜門卻掃 / 杜门却扫
- 杜門屏跡 / 杜门屏迹
- 杜門晦跡 / 杜门晦迹
- 杜門株守 / 杜门株守
- 杜門自絕 / 杜门自绝
- 杜門謝客 / 杜门谢客
- 杜陵 (Dùlíng)
- 杜鵑 / 杜鹃 (dùjuān)
- 杜鵑啼血 / 杜鹃啼血
- 杜鵑窩 / 杜鹃窝
- 杜鵑花 / 杜鹃花 (dùjuānhuā)
- 柅杜
- 萬那杜 / 万那杜 (Wànnàdù)
- 結舌杜口 / 结舌杜口
- 老杜
- 臺灣杜鵑 / 台湾杜鹃
- 蘅杜
- 防微杜漸 / 防微杜渐 (fángwēidùjiàn)
- 防萌杜漸 / 防萌杜渐
- 韋杜 / 韦杜
Descendants
Others:
Etymology 2
| simp. and trad. |
杜 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 肚 土 | |
Possibly be a Kra-Dai substrate word; compare Zhuang duz (classifier for animals), which is a prefix found in the vocabulary for many animals like duzgip (“centipede”), duzgyau (“spider”) and duzlingz (“monkey”) (Zhao, 1991; Tu, 2018).
Pronunciation
- Eastern Min (BUC): dô
- Southern Min
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
- Tâi-lô: tōo
- Phofsit Daibuun: do
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔ³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dou6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŏu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Definitions
杜
- (Eastern Min, Southern Min) Prefix found in the names of certain animals.
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
杜
Readings
- Go-on: ず (zu)
- Kan-on: と (to)
- Kun: もり (mori, 杜)、ふさぐ (fusagu, 杜ぐ)、とじる (tojiru, 杜る)、やまなし (yamanashi, 杜)
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 杜 |
| もり Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 森 |
Noun
杜 • (mori)
- a shrine grove
- a forest
Derived terms
- 杜の都 (mori no miyako): lit. City of Trees. Nickname for Sendai, Japan
- 鎮守の杜 (chinju no mori): grove of the village shrine
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 杜 |
| やまなし Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
Noun
杜 • (yamanashi)
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 杜 |
| と Jinmeiyō |
| kan'on |
Proper noun
杜 • (To)
Korean
Hanja
杜 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
杜: Hán Việt readings: đỗ (
杜: Nôm readings: đỗ[1][2][3][4][5][6], đậu[3][7][4][5][6], đổ[2][3][7], dỏ[4][5][6], đũa[1][3], đỏ[3][7], dỗ[1], đủ[1], giỗ[1], rổ[1], trỗ[1]
- chữ Hán form of Đỗ (“a surname”)
- 杜氏海燕 ― Đỗ Thị Hải Yến