帝

帝 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜月中月 (YBLB), four-corner 0022₇, composition ⿱⿳亠丷冖巾)

• 偙, 啼, 𭏅, 媂, 崹, 揥, 渧, 𭦽, 腣, 楴, 𤧛, 𬊱, 遆, 碲, 禘, 𮇱, 締(缔), 褅, 諦(谛), 𮙫, 蹄, 𮠺, 鍗, 𩋣, 𩤢, 䱱(𬶤), 𪕬, 𪖰, 𪯐, 𢅛, 𢋠, 䫕, 㡣, 鶙, 𨼨, 𪼀, 蒂, 啻, 㛳, 𢝃, 𪪶, 𬃨

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 330, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8865
• Dae Jaweon: page 636, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 738, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5E1D

Pictogram (象形). Possible interpretations:

• The sepal of a flower; original form of 蒂 (OC *teːds, “stem; peduncle”).
• Tied-up firewood perhaps used as a sacrifice; original form of 禘 (OC *deːɡs).
• An altar; original form of 禘 (OC *deːɡs).
• An asterism joining three stars of Ursa Major with three of Ursa Minor, together with Thuban and Kochab. Around 2000 BCE the three top-to-bottom lines would have crossed at the north celestial pole, where the god 帝 dwelt (Pankenier, 2004).

The character's first attested use is for “God of Heaven”; it was later used as a title for emperors. Shuowen erroneously interprets the character to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *teːɡs): semantic 丄 (“up; above”) + phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *teɣ (“God”); compare Tibetan ཐེ (the, “celestial gods of the Bon religion”), Jingpho [script needed] (mə³¹-tai³³, “god of the sky”), Proto-Bodo-Garo *mɯ-Dai⁴ (“spirit; god”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Sagart, 2011). Cognate with 禘 (OC *deːɡs, “a kind of sacrifice”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, Sagart (1999) derives it from a root *tek (“to be master over; to rule over”), whence also 適 (OC *ᵃtek, “to rule; to control”), 嫡 (OC *ᵃtek, “son of principal wife”).

帝

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) God of Heaven
2. emperor; sovereign
3. short for 帝國主義／帝国主义 (dìguózhǔyì, “imperialism”)

   反帝鬥爭／反帝斗争  ―  fǎndì dòuzhēng  ―  anti-imperialism struggle

• “帝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 676.
• 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “帝”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎^[2] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
• “Entry #7222”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “帝”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 151.
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “帝”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 54.

(Jōyō kanji)

1. sovereign

• Go-on: たい (tai)
• Kan-on: てい (tei, Jōyō)
• Kun: みかど (mikado, 帝)
• Nanori: ただ (tada)、みかど (mikado)

• (Tokyo) みかど [mìkádó] (Heiban – [0])^[4][5]
• IPA^(key): [mʲika̠do̞]

帝(みかど) • (mikado) 

1. mikado (emperor of Japan)
2. emperor

• 帝(ミカド)揚(アゲ)羽(ハ) (mikado ageha, “Graphium doson”)
• 帝雉(ミカドキジ) (mikado kiji)

From Middle Chinese 帝 (MC tejH). Recorded as Middle Korean 뎨〯 (tyěy) (Yale: tyey) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Wikisource

帝 (eumhun 임금 제 (imgeum je))

1. hanja form^? of 제 (“emperor”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

帝: Hán Nôm readings: đế, đấy, đê, để, đí, đó

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