學堂

See also: 学堂

Chinese

	learn; study; science learn; study; science; ‑ology	(main) hall; large room
trad. (學堂)	學	堂
simp. (学堂)	学	堂
Literally: “study hall”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xuétáng

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄊㄤˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xuo² tang²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щүәтон (xüəton, I-II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hok⁶ tong^4-2 / hok⁶ tong⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hok⁵ hong^3*
Gan (Wiktionary): hoh⁷ tong
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ho̍k-thòng

(Hailu, HRS): hog^ˋ tong

(Meixian, Guangdong): hog⁶ tong²
Jin (Wiktionary): xyeh⁵ ton¹
Northern Min (KCR): hă-dǒng
Eastern Min (BUC): hŏk-dòng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hah⁷ dorng² / er⁷ dng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): o̍h-tn̂g / ha̍k-tông

(Teochew, Peng'im): oh⁸ deng⁵ / hag⁸ deng⁵
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸ghoq-daon / ⁸ghoq-³daon₂
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xio⁶ dan²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xuétáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄊㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syuétáng
  - Wade–Giles: hsüeh²-tʻang²
  - Yale: sywé-táng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyuetarng
  - Palladius: сюэтан (sjuetan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xuo² tang²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiuotang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyo²¹ tʰaŋ²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щүәтон (xüəton, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyə²⁴ tʰɑŋ⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hok⁶ tong^4-2 / hok⁶ tong⁴
  - Yale: hohk tóng / hohk tòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hok⁹ tong^4-2 / hok⁹ tong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hog⁶ tong^4-2 / hog⁶ tong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːk̚² tʰɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/, /hɔːk̚² tʰɔːŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hok⁵ hong^3*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔk̚³² hɔŋ²²⁻²²⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: hoh⁷ tong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔʔ² tʰɔŋ¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ho̍k-thòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: hog tong^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hog⁶ tong²
  - Sinological IPA: /hok̚⁵ tʰoŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: hog^ˋ tong
  - Sinological IPA: /hok² tʰoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hog⁶ tong²
  - Sinological IPA: /hɔk̚⁵ tʰɔŋ¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xyeh⁵ ton¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕyəʔ⁵⁴ tʰɒ̃¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hă-dǒng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xa²⁴ tɔŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hŏk-dòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /houʔ⁵⁻³³ touŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hah⁷ dorng² [Phonetic: hah⁶ dorng²]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ha̍h-dó̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haʔ⁴⁻²¹ tɒŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hah⁷ dorng² [Phonetic: hah⁶ dorng²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haʔ⁴⁻² tɒŋ²⁴/
- (Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: er⁷ dng² [Phonetic: er⁵ lng²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɤ²⁴⁻²¹ ^(t-)lŋ̍²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o̍h-tn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: o̍h-tn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oiqd'ngg
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /o(ʔ)²⁴⁻² tŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /o(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /o(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tŋ̍²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /o(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ tŋ̍¹³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /o(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ tŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Penang): /o(ʔ)⁴⁻³ tŋ̍²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍k-tông
  - Tâi-lô: ha̍k-tông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hagdoong
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hak̚⁴⁻³² tɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /hak̚⁴⁻³² tɔŋ²⁴/

Note: ha̍k-tông - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: oh⁸ deng⁵ / hag⁸ deng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: o̍h tṳ̂ng / ha̍k tṳ̂ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /oʔ⁴⁻² tɯŋ⁵⁵/, /hak̚⁴⁻² tɯŋ⁵⁵/

Note: hag8 deng5 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸ghoq-daon
  - MiniDict: ghoh^入 daon
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hhoq-daan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦoʔ¹¹ dɑ̃²³/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁸ghoq-³daon₂
  - MiniDict: ghoh^入 daon^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦoʔ²² dɑ̃⁵¹/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: xio⁶ dan²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯o²⁴ tan¹³/

Noun

學堂

(historical) old-style private school
(dialectal) school
(Hong Kong Cantonese, specifically) school for disciplined services (e.g. police, firefighters, etc.)

Synonyms

(school):

Dialectal synonyms of 學校 (“(modern) school”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		學校
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	學校
	Taiwan	學校
	Malaysia	學校
	Singapore	學校
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	學校
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	學校, 學堂
Central Plains Mandarin	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	學校, 學堂
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	學校, 學堂
	Wuhan	學校, 學堂
	Guilin	學校
	Kokang	學校
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	學校, 學堂
	Hefei	學校, 學堂
	Chuzhou	學堂
Mandarin	Qinzhou (Longmengang)	學校
	Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle)	學堂
	Nanping (Yanping)	學堂
Cantonese	Guangzhou	學校, 書館 dated
	Hong Kong	學校, 書館 dated
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	書館, 學堂
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	書館
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	學校
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	學校
	Macau	學校
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	學校
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	學校
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	學校
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	學校, 學堂
	Foshan	學校
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	學校
	Foshan (Shunde)	學校
	Foshan (Sanshui)	學校
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	學校
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	學堂, 學校
	Zhongshan (Chongkoumen, Nanlang; Tanka)	學校
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	學校
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	學館
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	學校, 館仔
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	學校, 館
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	學校, 館
	Taishan	學校, 學堂, 書館
	Taishan (Guanghai)	學校
	Kaiping (Chikan)	書館
	Enping (Niujiang)	書館, 學校
	Heshan (Yayao)	學校
	Dongguan	學校, 學堂, 書房
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	學校
	Yangjiang	學校, 學堂
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	學校
	Hepu (Shatian)	學堂
	Qinzhou	學校
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	學校
	Beihai	學校
	Beihai (Nankang)	學校
	Beihai (Yingpan)	學校
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	學校
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	學校
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	學校
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	學堂, 書館
	Ipoh (Guangfu)	學校, 學堂
	Singapore (Guangfu)	學校, 書館
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	學校
	Móng Cái	學校
	Yangon (Taishan)	學校
	Mandalay (Taishan)	學校, 書館, 書堂
Gan	Nanchang	學堂
Hakka	Meixian	學堂, 學校
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	學堂, 學校
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	書房下, 學校
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	學校
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	學校
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	學堂
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	學校
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	學校
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	學校
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	學校
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	學校
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	學校
	Hong Kong	學堂
	Senai (Huiyang)	學校
	Kuching (Hepo)	學校
Huizhou	Jixi	學堂
Jin	Taiyuan	學校, 學堂
Northern Min	Jian'ou	學堂, 學校
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	學堂, 書齋, 學校
	Matsu	書齋, 學校, 學堂, 齋
	Singapore (Fuqing)	學校
Southern Min	Xiamen	學堂, 學校
	Quanzhou	學堂, 學校
	Jinjiang	學堂
	Zhangzhou	學堂, 學校
	Taipei	公學校, 學堂
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	公學校, 學堂
	Kaohsiung	公學校, 學堂
	Yilan	公學校, 學堂
	Changhua (Lukang)	公學校, 學堂
	Taichung	學校, 學堂
	Tainan	公學校, 學堂
	Hsinchu	學校, 學堂
	Kinmen	學校, 學堂
	Penghu (Magong)	學校, 學堂
	Penang (Hokkien)	學堂, 學
	Singapore (Hokkien)	學堂
	Manila (Hokkien)	學堂, 學校
	Longyan	學堂仔
	Qinzhou (Liwu)	學校
	Chaozhou	學堂, 學校
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	學校
	Jieyang	學堂, 學校
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	學校
	Singapore (Teochew)	書齋, 學堂
	Batam (Teochew)	學堂
	Wenchang	學校
	Qionghai	學校
	Singapore (Hainanese)	學校
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	學校
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	學堂
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	學堂
Wu	Shanghai	學堂
	Shanghai (Chongming)	學堂
	Suzhou	學堂
	Ningbo	學堂
	Wenzhou	學堂
Xiang	Changsha	學校, 學堂
Xiang	Shuangfeng	學校, 學堂

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (學堂):

→ Japanese: 学堂(がくどう) (gakudō)
→ Korean: 학당(學堂) (hakdang)
→ Vietnamese: học đường (學堂)

Others:

→ Mongghul: xuutang
→ Wutunhua: xaitang
→ Zhuang: hagdangz

References

李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “1808 学校”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 467.

Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of 學堂 – see the following entry.

【学堂がくどう】

[noun] (literary or dated) school

(This term, 學堂, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)