山西

Chinese

	mountain; hill	west
simp. and trad. (山西)	山	西
anagram	西山
Literally: “west of the mountain”.

Etymology

Shanxi: From the position of the province's central Fen River valley west of the Taihang Mountains.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Shānxī

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢㄒㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saan¹ sai¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Sân-sî

(Hailu, HRS): san^ˋ si^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): san¹ xi¹
Eastern Min (BUC): Săng-să̤
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sang¹ se¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Soaⁿ-sai / Soaⁿ-se

(Teochew, Peng'im): suan¹ sai¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹se-shi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Shānxī
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢㄒㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Shansi
  - Wade–Giles: Shan¹-hsi¹
  - Yale: Shān-syī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shanshi
  - Palladius: Шаньси (Šanʹsi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: saan¹ sai¹
  - Yale: sāan sāi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹ sai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: san¹ sei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sân-sî
  - Hakka Romanization System: san^ˊ xi^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: san¹ xi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /san²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: san^ˋ si^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /san⁵³ si⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: san¹ xi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /san⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Săng-să̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁵ ^(s-)nɛ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sang¹ se¹ [Phonetic: sang⁵ ne¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Sang-sa̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^(ɬ-)ne⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sang¹ se¹ [Phonetic: sang⁵ ne¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^(ɬ-)ne⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Soaⁿ-sai
  - Tâi-lô: Suann-sai
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svoasay
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ sai³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Soaⁿ-se
  - Tâi-lô: Suann-se
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svoasef
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: suan¹ sai¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ sai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sũã³³⁻²³ sai³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹se-shi
  - MiniDict: se^平 shi
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹se-xi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

Middle Chinese: srean sej

Rime
Character	山	西
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	山 (73)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	IV
Fanqie	所閒切	先稽切
Baxter	srean	sej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠɛn/	/sei/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚæn/	/sei/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃæn/	/sɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂəɨn/	/sɛj/
Li Rong	/ʃɛn/	/sei/
Wang Li	/ʃæn/	/siei/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂăn/	/siei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	xī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saan¹	sai¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ŋrar s-nˤər/

(Zhengzhang): /*sreːn sɯːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	山	西
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shān	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ srɛn ›	‹ sej ›
Old Chinese	/*s-ŋrar/	/*s-nˁər/
English	mountain, hill	west
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	山	西
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11052	13236
Phonetic component	山	西
Rime group	元	微
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	山	西
Old Chinese	/*sreːn/	/*sɯːl/

Proper noun

山西

(～省) Shanxi (a province in the northern part of China)
(historical, specifically) a geographical area to the west of the Taihang Mountains
(historical, specifically) a geographical area to the west of Mount Hua

Noun

山西

west of the mountain (in general)

Related terms

山東／山东 (Shāndōng)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
山	西
さん Grade: 1	せい Grade: 2
on'yomi

Proper noun

山(さん)西(せい) • (Sansei)

Shanxi (a province in the northern part of China)

Descendants

→ English: Shanxi
→ Manchu: ᠰᠠᠨᠰᡳ (sansi)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
山	西
やま Grade: 1	にし Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Proper noun

山(やま)西(にし) • (Yamanishi)

a surname

Korean

Hanja in this term
山	西

Proper noun

山西 • (Sanseo) (hangeul 산서)

hanja form^? of 산서 : Shanxi (a province in the northern part of China)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
山	西

Proper noun

山西

chữ Hán form of Sơn Tây