御前

Chinese

		defend; imperial; to drive	front, forepart; in front; past front, forepart; in front; past; former; previous; last; before; preceding; earlier; ago; future; time ahead; first; top; battlefront; to move forward
trad. (御前)		御	前
simp. ^#(御前)		御	前

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yùqián

(Zhuyin): ㄩˋ ㄑㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁶ cin⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yùqián
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˋ ㄑㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yùcián
  - Wade–Giles: yü⁴-chʻien²
  - Yale: yù-chyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuhchyan
  - Palladius: юйцянь (jujcjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁶ cin⁴
  - Yale: yuh chìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁶ tsin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁶ qin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²² t͡sʰiːn²¹/

Noun

御前

(in the) presence of royalty

Japanese

Kanji in this term
御	前
お Grade: S	まえ Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Kanji in this term
御	前
ご Grade: S	ぜん Grade: 2
goon

Etymology 1

Old Japanese 大前 (opomape₁, literally “great front”), used to address the person in front of the speaker. Later was misinterpreted as Old Japanese 御前 (omape₁), even later acquired an 音読み (on'yomi).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) おまえ [òmáꜜè] (Nakadaka – [2])
IPA^(key): [o̞ma̠e̞]

(Tokyo) ごぜん [gòzéń] (Heiban – [0])
(Tokyo) ごぜん [góꜜzèǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ɡo̞zẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

御(お)前(まえ) or 御(ご)前(ぜん) • (omae or gozen) ^{←おまへ (omafe)^?}

(honorific) synonym of 前 (mae, “front”)
神(かみ)の御(お)前(まえ)にぬかずく
kami no omae ni nukazuku
to bow to a god
(literally, “to bow before a god”)

陛(へい)下(か)の御(ご)前(ぜん)で/に
heika no gozen de/ni
in the presence of His/Her Majesty
(literally, “in front of His/Her Majesty”)
(honorific) a noble character, such as a master, lord or god

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 御前 – see the following entry.

【お前まえ】

[pronoun] [from early 900s] (informal, men's speech; or dialect) you

(This term, 御前, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

^ Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010) A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN

[AHLL-1] Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010) A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN

[1]