悖る
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 悖 |
| もと Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 戻る |
Etymology
From Old Japanese.
Cognate with 戻る (modoru, “to return”).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
悖る • (motoru) transitive or intransitive godan (stem 悖り (motori), past 悖った (mototta))
- (intransitive) to go against
- (intransitive) to be bent, be distorted, be twisted
- (transitive, obsolete) to bend, distort, twist
Conjugation
Conjugation of "悖る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 悖ら | もとら | motora |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 悖り | もとり | motori |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 悖る | もとる | motoru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 悖る | もとる | motoru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 悖れ | もとれ | motore |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 悖れ | もとれ | motore |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 悖られる | もとられる | motorareru |
| Causative | 悖らせる 悖らす |
もとらせる もとらす |
motoraseru motorasu |
| Potential | 悖れる | もとれる | motoreru |
| Volitional | 悖ろう | もとろう | motorō |
| Negative | 悖らない | もとらない | motoranai |
| Negative continuative | 悖らず | もとらず | motorazu |
| Formal | 悖ります | もとります | motorimasu |
| Perfective | 悖った | もとった | mototta |
| Conjunctive | 悖って | もとって | mototte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 悖れば | もとれば | motoreba |
Classical conjugation of "悖る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 悖ら | もとら | motora |
| Continuative (連用形) | 悖り | もとり | motori |
| Terminal (終止形) | 悖る | もとる | motoru |
| Attributive (連体形) | 悖る | もとる | motoru |
| Realis (已然形) | 悖れ | もとれ | motore |
| Imperative (命令形) | 悖れ | もとれ | motore |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 悖らず | もとらず | motorazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 悖れど | もとれど | motoredo |
| Causal conjunction | 悖れば | もとれば | motoreba |
| Conditional conjunction | 悖らば | もとらば | motoraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 悖りき | もとりき | motoriki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 悖りけり | もとりけり | motorikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 悖りつ | もとりつ | motoritu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 悖りぬ | もとりぬ | motorinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 悖れり 悖りたり |
もとれり もとりたり |
motoreri motoritari |
| Volitional | 悖らむ | もとらむ | motoramu |
Derived terms
- 戻らかす (motorakasu)
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN