敢若

Chinese

Etymology 1

		dare	to seem; like; as to seem; like; as; if
trad. (敢若)		敢	若
simp. ^#(敢若)		敢	若
alternative forms		簡若／简若假若假那到那較乃／较乃 Quanzhou 簡若／简若假若假那到那較乃／较乃 Quanzhou 較若／较若 Quanzhou

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): káⁿ-ná / kà-ná / kán-ná / ká-ná / kah-ná

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ-ná
  - Tâi-lô: kánn-ná
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvafnar
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nã⁵³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /kã⁴²⁻²⁴ na⁴²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nã⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kà-ná
  - Tâi-lô: kà-ná
  - Phofsit Daibuun: karnar
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ka⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nã⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kán-ná
  - Tâi-lô: kán-ná
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafnnar
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Singapore): /kan⁴²⁻²⁴ na⁴²/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nã⁵³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ká-ná
  - Tâi-lô: ká-ná
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafnar
  - IPA (Taipei): /ka⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nã⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nã⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kah-ná
  - Tâi-lô: kah-ná
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kahnar
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ nã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nã⁵³/

Verb

敢若

(Hokkien) to seem; to be like; as if

Synonyms

不啻 (bùchì) (literary)
似 (ci⁵) (Cantonese, Classical Chinese)
似乎 (sìhū)
似如 (si⁴ y²) (Xiang)
像 (xiàng)
像係 / 像系 (Hakka)
像是 (xiàngshì)
儼如 / 俨如 (yǎnrú) (literary)
儼然 / 俨然 (yǎnrán)
儼若 / 俨若 (yǎnruò) (literary)
勝如 / 胜如 (⁵sen-zy) (Wu)
好似 (hǎosì)
好像 (hǎoxiàng)
如同 (rútóng)
好比 (hǎobǐ)
宛 (Classical Chinese, or compounds only)
宛如 (wǎnrú) (literary)
宛然 (wǎnrán) (literary)
宛若 (wǎnruò) (literary)
就像 (jiùxiàng)
彷彿 / 仿佛 (fǎngfú)
忽如 (hūrú) (literary)
恰像 (Hokkien)
恍若 (huǎngruò)
恰親像 / 恰亲像 (Hokkien)
敢若是 (Hokkien)
𣍐輸 / 𫧃输 (bē-su) (Hokkien)
有如 (yǒurú) (formal)
猶似 / 犹似 (yóusì) (literary)
猶像 / 犹像 (yóuxiàng) (literary)
猶如 / 犹如 (yóurú) (formal)
甲像 (Hokkien)
甲像是 (Hokkien)
甲親像 / 甲亲像 (Hokkien)
看上去 (kàn shàngqù)
看似 (kànsì)
看來 / 看来 (kànlái)
看樣子 / 看样子 (kànyàngzi)
看起來 / 看起来 (kànqilai)
若 (Classical Chinese, or compounds only)
若像 (Hokkien)
若親像 / 若亲像 (Hokkien)
表面上 (biǎomiànshang)
親像 / 亲像 (Hakka, Hokkien)
象 (xiàng)
貌似 (màosì)
賽可 / 赛可 (Ningbonese)
賽過 / 赛过 (Suzhounese)
較像 / 较像 (Hokkien)
較像是 / 较像是 (Hokkien)
較親像 / 较亲像 (Hokkien)
顯得 / 显得 (xiǎnde)

Dialectal synonyms of 好像 (“to seem like; to be as if”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		好像, 似乎, 彷彿
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	好像
	Malaysia	好像
	Singapore	好像
Cantonese	Hong Kong	好似
Cantonese	Singapore (Guangfu)	好似
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	親像
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	親像
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	親像
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	親像
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	親像
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	親像
Southern Min	Xiamen	敢若, 敢若是, 親像, 恰像, 恰親像
	Quanzhou	敢若, 敢若是, 親像
	Zhangzhou	親像, 恰像
	Tainan	敢若
	Penang (Hokkien)	敢若
	Singapore (Hokkien)	敢若, 敢若是, 親像
	Manila (Hokkien)	較若像, 敢若像, 較若, 敢若, 敢若是, 親像, 若像, 較像
Wu	Suzhou	賽過

References

“敢若”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

Etymology 2

		dare	to seem; like; as to seem; like; as; if
trad. (敢若)		敢	若
simp. ^#(敢若)		敢	若
alternative forms		較若／较若 Quanzhou

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): káⁿ-nā / kà-nǎ / kah-nā

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ-nā
  - Tâi-lô: kánn-nā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvafna
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nã²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kà-nǎ
  - Tâi-lô: kà-nǎ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ka⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nã²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kah-nā
  - Tâi-lô: kah-nā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kahna
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nã²²/

Conjunction

敢若

(Hokkien) since; as; now that

Synonyms

既然 (jìrán)
(Hokkien) 敢若是

References

“敢若”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.