斗膽
See also: 斗胆
Chinese
| dipper | the gall; the nerve; courage the gall; the nerve; courage; guts; gall bladder | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (斗膽) | 斗 | 膽 | |
| simp. (斗胆) | 斗 | 胆 | |
Etymology
Literally meaning to have a gallbladder as big as a dipper. The ancient Chinese believed that having courage was related to having a big gallbladder.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): dau2 daam2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): téu-tám
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tió-tám / tó͘-tám
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: dǒudǎn [Phonetic: dóudǎn]
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˇ ㄉㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dǒudǎn
- Wade–Giles: tou3-tan3
- Yale: dǒu-dǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dooudaan
- Palladius: доудань (doudanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: dau2 daam2
- Yale: dáu dáam
- Cantonese Pinyin: dau2 daam2
- Guangdong Romanization: deo2 dam2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɐu̯³⁵ taːm³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: téu-tám
- Hakka Romanization System: deuˋ damˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: deu3 dam3
- Sinological IPA: /teu̯³¹ tam³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tió-tám
- Tâi-lô: tió-tám
- Phofsit Daibuun: dioy'darm
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tam⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tó͘-tám
- Tâi-lô: tóo-tám
- Phofsit Daibuun: dofdarm
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tam⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tam⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Verb
斗膽
- (humble) it is presumptuous of me to (suggest, mention); to have the courage to