膽

See also: 胆
膽 U+81BD, 膽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81BD
← 膼
[U+81BC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 膾 →
[U+81BE]

Translingual

Japanese 胆
Simplified 胆
Traditional 膽

Han character

膽 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月弓金口 (BNCR), four-corner 77261, composition ⿰月詹)

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 995, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29933
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1446, character 34
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2117, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+81BD

Chinese

trad. 膽
simp. 胆

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 膽
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (詹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
甔 *toːm, *taːm, *taːms
擔 *taːm, *taːms
儋 *ʔl'aːm
聸 *taːm
膽 *taːmʔ
黵 *taːmʔ, *tjamʔ
澹 *daːm, *daːmʔ, *daːms
憺 *daːmʔ, *daːms
瞻 *tjam
詹 *tjam
蟾 *tjam, *djam
噡 *tjam
譫 *tjam, *daːb, *tjaːb
幨 *tʰjam, *tʰjams
襜 *tʰjam, *tʰjams
韂 *tʰjams
贍 *djams
檐 *lam
簷 *lam
舚 *tʰeːm, *tʰeːms

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *taːmʔ): semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam).

Etymology

Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007); compare Proto-Vietic *lɔːm, Proto-Katuic *lɔɔm, Proto-Bahnaric *kləːm, etc. from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁ləəm ~ *t₁luəm "liver".

Pronunciation

Note:
  • dor3/dornn3 - vernacular;
  • dang3 - literary.
Note:
  • táⁿ - vernacular;
  • tám - literary.
Note:
  • da2 - vernacular;
  • dam2 - literary.
Rime
Character 膽
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都敢切
Baxter tamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑmX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑmX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tamX/
Li
Rong 		/tɑmX/
Wang
Li 		/tɑmX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tɑmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		daam2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 膽
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tamX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[t]ˁamʔ/
English gall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 膽
Reading # 1/1
No. 16751
Phonetic
component 		詹
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*taːmʔ/

Definitions

膽

  1. (anatomy) gallbladder
    膽囊／胆囊  ―  dǎnnáng  ―  gall bladder
  2. (figurative) guts; courage; bravery; strength; nerve
    大膽／大胆  ―  dàdǎn  ―  bold
    冇膽鬼／冇胆鬼 [Cantonese]  ―  mou5 daam2 gwai2 [Jyutping]  ―  coward
  3. inner container; liner (of a thermos); bladder (of a ball)
  4. vacuum tube
  5. (gambling) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    膽拖／胆拖 [Cantonese]  ―  daam2 to1 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

  • (guts):

Compounds

  • 一身是膽 / 一身是胆 (yīshēnshìdǎn)
  • 乍著膽子 / 乍著胆子
  • 互託肝膽 / 互托肝胆
  • 亡魂喪膽 / 亡魂丧胆
  • 仗膽兒 / 仗胆儿
  • 傾心吐膽 / 倾心吐胆
  • 剖肝瀝膽 / 剖肝沥胆
  • 劍膽琴心 / 剑胆琴心 (jiàndǎnqínxīn)
  • 吐膽 / 吐胆
  • 吐膽傾心 / 吐胆倾心
  • 喪膽 / 丧胆 (sàngdǎn)
  • 喪膽亡魂 / 丧胆亡魂
  • 喪膽銷魂 / 丧胆销魂
  • 喫虎膽 / 吃虎胆
  • 嘔心吐膽 / 呕心吐胆
  • 嘗膽 / 尝胆
  • 嘗膽臥薪 / 尝胆卧薪
  • 坐薪嘗膽 / 坐薪尝胆
  • 坐薪懸膽 / 坐薪悬胆
  • 壯膽 / 壮胆 (zhuàngdǎn)
  • 大膽 / 大胆 (dàdǎn)
  • 大膽妄為 / 大胆妄为
  • 天膽 / 天胆
  • 奓著膽子 / 奓著胆子
  • 好大膽 / 好大胆
  • 孤膽 / 孤胆
  • 心寒膽戰 / 心寒胆战
  • 心寒膽碎 / 心寒胆碎
  • 心寒膽落 / 心寒胆落
  • 心慌膽戰 / 心慌胆战
  • 心殞膽破 / 心殒胆破
  • 心殞膽落 / 心殒胆落
  • 心粗膽大 / 心粗胆大
  • 心膽 / 心胆
  • 心膽俱寒 / 心胆俱寒
  • 心膽俱碎 / 心胆俱碎
  • 心膽俱裂 / 心胆俱裂 (xīndǎnjùliè)
  • 心膽墮地 / 心胆堕地
  • 心驚膽喪 / 心惊胆丧
  • 心驚膽寒 / 心惊胆寒
  • 心驚膽怕 / 心惊胆怕
  • 心驚膽懾 / 心惊胆慑
  • 心驚膽戰 / 心惊胆战 (xīnjīngdǎnzhàn)
  • 心驚膽落 / 心惊胆落
  • 心驚膽跳 / 心惊胆跳 (xīnjīngdǎntiào)
  • 心驚膽顫 / 心惊胆颤
  • 心麤膽壯 / 心粗胆壮
  • 志堅膽壯 / 志坚胆壮
  • 忠心赤膽 / 忠心赤胆
  • 忠肝義膽 / 忠肝义胆 (zhōnggānyìdǎn)
  • 懸心吊膽 / 悬心吊胆 (xuánxīndiàodǎn)
  • 懸膽 / 悬胆
  • 托膽 / 托胆
  • 拖地膽 / 拖地胆
  • 披瀝肝膽 / 披沥肝胆
  • 披肝掛膽 / 披肝挂胆
  • 披肝瀝膽 / 披肝沥胆 (pīgānlìdǎn)
  • 披露肝膽 / 披露肝胆
  • 挖心搜膽 / 挖心搜胆
  • 掛腸懸膽 / 挂肠悬胆
  • 提心吊膽 / 提心吊胆 (tíxīndiàodǎn)
  • 提心弔膽 / 提心吊胆 (tíxīndiàodǎn)
  • 摳心挖膽 / 抠心挖胆
  • 摘膽剜心 / 摘胆剜心 (zhāi dǎn wān xīn)
  • 放膽 / 放胆 (fàngdǎn)
  • 斗膽 (dǒudǎn)
  • 明目張膽 / 明目张胆 (míngmùzhāngdǎn)
  • 書膽 / 书胆
  • 有肝膽 / 有肝胆
  • 有膽有識 / 有胆有识
  • 枕戈嘗膽 / 枕戈尝胆
  • 枕戈飲膽 / 枕戈饮胆
  • 氣消膽奪 / 气消胆夺
  • 海膽 / 海胆 (hǎidǎn)
  • 湊膽子 / 凑胆子
  • 渾身是膽 / 浑身是胆
  • 潑出膽子 / 泼出胆子
  • 潑天大膽 / 泼天大胆
  • 瀝膽 / 沥胆
  • 瀝膽墮肝 / 沥胆堕肝
  • 瀝膽披肝 / 沥胆披肝
  • 瀝膽抽腸 / 沥胆抽肠
  • 照膽鏡 / 照胆镜
  • 熊心豹膽 / 熊心豹胆
  • 熊膽 / 熊胆 (xióngdǎn)
  • 燈膽 / 灯胆 (dēngdǎn)
  • 球膽 / 球胆 (qiúdǎn)
  • 琴心劍膽 / 琴心剑胆
  • 瓶膽 / 瓶胆 (píngdǎn)
  • 瞋膽 / 瞋胆
  • 破膽 / 破胆
  • 破膽喪魂 / 破胆丧魂
  • 破膽寒心 / 破胆寒心
  • 稍長膽壯 / 稍长胆壮
  • 筆龍膽 / 笔龙胆
  • 聞風喪膽 / 闻风丧胆 (wénfēngsàngdǎn)
  • 肝橫膽乍 / 肝横胆乍
  • 肝膽 / 肝胆 (gāndǎn)
  • 肝膽塗地 / 肝胆涂地
  • 肝膽楚越 / 肝胆楚越
  • 肝膽照人 / 肝胆照人
  • 肝膽相照 / 肝胆相照 (gāndǎnxiāngzhào)
  • 肝膽胡越 / 肝胆胡越
  • 膽喪心驚 / 胆丧心惊
  • 膽囊 / 胆囊 (dǎnnáng)
  • 膽囊管 / 胆囊管 (dǎnnángguǎn)
  • 膽固醇 / 胆固醇 (dǎngùchún)
  • 膽壯 / 胆壮
  • 膽大包天 / 胆大包天
  • 膽大如斗
  • 膽大妄為 / 胆大妄为
  • 膽大心小 / 胆大心小
  • 膽大心細 / 胆大心细
  • 膽大於天 / 胆大于天
  • 膽子 / 胆子 (dǎnzi)
  • 膽寒 / 胆寒 (dǎnhán)
  • 膽小 / 胆小 (dǎnxiǎo)
  • 膽小如鼠 / 胆小如鼠 (dǎnxiǎorúshǔ)
  • 膽小管 / 胆小管 (dǎnxiǎoguǎn)
  • 膽小鬼 / 胆小鬼 (dǎnxiǎoguǐ)
  • 膽怯 / 胆怯 (dǎnqiè)
  • 膽懾 / 胆慑
  • 膽戰 / 胆战
  • 膽戰心寒 / 胆战心寒
  • 膽戰心搖 / 胆战心摇
  • 膽戰心驚 / 胆战心惊 (dǎnzhànxīnjīng)
  • 膽敢 / 胆敢 (dǎngǎn)
  • 膽氣 / 胆气 (dǎnqì)
  • 膽汁 / 胆汁 (dǎnzhī)
  • 膽瓶 / 胆瓶
  • 膽略 / 胆略 (dǎnlüè)
  • 膽石 / 胆石 (dǎnshí)
  • 膽破 / 胆破
  • 膽破心寒 / 胆破心寒
  • 膽管 / 胆管 (dǎnguǎn)
  • 膽結石 / 胆结石 (dǎnjiéshí)
  • 膽落 / 胆落
  • 膽虛 / 胆虚
  • 膽裂魂飛 / 胆裂魂飞
  • 膽識 / 胆识 (dǎnshí)
  • 膽識俱優 / 胆识俱优
  • 膽邊生毛 / 胆边生毛
  • 膽量 / 胆量 (dǎnliàng)
  • 膽顫心寒 / 胆颤心寒
  • 膽顫心驚 / 胆颤心惊
  • 膽驚心顫 / 胆惊心颤
  • 膽鹼 / 胆碱 (dǎnjiǎn)
  • 臥薪嘗膽 / 卧薪尝胆 (wòxīnchángdǎn)
  • 色膽 / 色胆
  • 色膽包天 / 色胆包天
  • 色膽如天 / 色胆如天
  • 色膽迷天 / 色胆迷天
  • 落膽 / 落胆 (luòdǎn)
  • 裂膽 / 裂胆
  • 賊人膽虛 / 贼人胆虚
  • 赤心忠膽 / 赤心忠胆
  • 赤膽 / 赤胆
  • 赤膽忠心 / 赤胆忠心 (chìdǎnzhōngxīn)
  • 赤膽忠肝 / 赤胆忠肝
  • 輸肝剖膽 / 输肝剖胆
  • 輸肝瀝膽 / 输肝沥胆
  • 鐵心銅膽 / 铁心铜胆
  • 鐵膽銅心 / 铁胆铜心
  • 開心見膽 / 开心见胆
  • 隳肝瀝膽 / 隳肝沥胆
  • 露膽披肝 / 露胆披肝
  • 魂亡膽落 / 魂亡胆落
  • 鴉膽子 / 鸦胆子 (yādǎnzǐ)
  • 麻著膽子 / 麻著胆子
  • 龍膽 / 龙胆 (lóngdǎn)
  • 龍膽紫 / 龙胆紫

Japanese

Shinjitai

胆

Kyūjitai

膽

Kanji

膽

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 胆)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • Go-on: たん (tan)
  • Kan-on: たん (tan)
  • Kun: きも (kimo, 膽)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 膽 (MC tamX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 담〯 (Yale: tǎm)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] ᄡᅳᆯ게 (Yale: psùlkèy) 담 (Yale: tàm)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ta̠(ː)m]
  • Phonetic hangul: [담(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

膽 (eumhun 쓸개 담 (sseulgae dam))

  1. hanja form? of 담 (“gall bladder”)
  2. hanja form? of 담 (“courage; nerve”)

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

膽: Hán Nôm readings: đảm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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