自

See also: 白, 目, and 且
自 U+81EA, 自
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81EA
← 臩
[U+81E9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 臫 →
[U+81EB]

⾃ U+2F83, ⾃
KANGXI RADICAL SELF
← ⾂
[U+2F82] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾄ →
[U+2F84]

㉂ U+3242, ㉂
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SELF
← ㉁
[U+3241] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㉃ →
[U+3243]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

自 (Kangxi radical 132, 自+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹月山 (HBU), four-corner 26000, composition ⿱丿目)

  1. Kangxi radical #132, ⾃.

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters
  • 𡜍, 𢙆, 𭠪, 𤝼, 𣑉, 𥏆, 𥒕, 𮕼, 𦍾, 𮎌, 𨈻
  • 𦧗, 𧠆, 𭎗, 𪥴, 𢍂, 𣳻, 𣯝, 𮮴, 𩳈, 𧑉, 𭃙, 𭓫, 𤯣, 𫊡, 𪊰, 𡇝

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1000, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30095
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1452, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3046, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+81EA

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 自

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 自
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
郋 *ɡiːl
自 *ɦljids
洎 *krids, *ɡrids
臮 *ɡrids
垍 *ɡrids
詯 *qʰʷlɯːls, *ɡʷlɯːls

Pictogram (象形): a nose — original form of 鼻 (OC *blids, “nose”). Phonetically borrowed for a different word OC *ɦljids, "oneself".

Folk etymology considers the meaning to arise from a habit of pointing at one’s nose to indicate oneself.

Pronunciation 1

Note: zí - used in some colloquial terms.
Note:
  • Sixian:
    • chhi/chhit/chhì/chhi̍t - only in 自家;
    • Meixian:
    • ci2 - only in 自家.
Note:
  • cī - vernacular;
  • cu̿ - vernacular (used in 自己);
  • cù - literary.
  • Eastern Min
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: cê / cê̤ṳ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛi²⁴²/, /t͡søy²⁴²/
Note:
  • cê - vernacular;
  • cê̤ṳ - literary.
Note:
  • Shaoxing, Ningbo:
    • 6zy - literary;
    • 6zhi - vernacular.
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: zr5 / zr4
        • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩²¹/, /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
    Note:
    • zr5 - vernacular;
    • zr4 - literary.
      • (Loudi)
        • Wiktionary: zzr5
        • Sinological IPA (key): /d͡zz̩¹¹/
      • (Hengyang)
        • Wiktionary: zr5
        • Sinological IPA (key): /d̥͡z̥z̩²¹³/
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 自
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡sz̩⁵¹/
    Harbin /t͡sz̩⁵³/
    Tianjin /t͡sz̩⁵³/
    Jinan /t͡sz̩⁴²/ ～己
    /t͡sz̩²¹/ ～來水
    Qingdao /t͡sz̩⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡sz̩³¹²/
    Xi'an /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡sz̩²¹³/
    Yinchuan /t͡sz̩¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡sz̩¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡sz̩²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡sz̩³⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡sz̩¹³/
    Guiyang /t͡sz̩²¹³/
    Kunming /t͡sz̩²¹²/
    Nanjing /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
    Hefei /t͡sz̩⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /t͡sz̩³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
    Suzhou /zz̩³¹/
    Hangzhou /zz̩¹³/
    Wenzhou /zz̩²²/
    Hui Shexian /t͡sʰz̩²²/
    Tunxi /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
    /sz̩⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
    /t͡sz̩¹¹/
    Xiangtan /d͡zz̩²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
    Taoyuan /t͡sʰï⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡si²²/
    Nanning /t͡sz̩²²/
    Hong Kong /t͡si²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡su²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sɛi²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡su⁴²/
    Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sɯ³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡si³³/ ～己
    /t͡si³⁵/ ～從
    Rime
    Character 自
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 從 (15)
    Final (韻) 脂 (15)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 疾二切
    Baxter dzijH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ziɪH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡ziH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡zjɪH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡ziH/
    Li
    Rong         		/d͡ziH/
    Wang
    Li         		/d͡ziH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/d͡zʱiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zi6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 自 自
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zì zì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzijH › ‹ dzijH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s.[b]i[t]-s/ /*s.[b]i[t]-s/
    English self (adv.) to follow; from

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 自
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 17879
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group         		至
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɦljids/

    Definitions

    自

    1. self, oneself; one's own
      自顧自／自顾自  ―  zìgùzì  ―  each minding his own business; each for himself
    2. certainly, of course
    3. personally
    4. since; from
      借自  ―  jiè zì  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
      自左而右  ―  zì zuǒ ér yòu  ―  from left to right
    5. (swimming) short for 自由泳 (zìyóuyǒng, “freestyle”)

    Compounds

    Descendants

    Sino-Xenic (自):
    • → Vietnamese: tự (自)

    Others:

    • → Vietnamese: từ

    References

    Pronunciation 2

    Definitions

    自

    1. only used in 潮州音樂——自己顧自己／潮州音乐——自己顾自己

    Japanese

    Kanji

    自

    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. self, oneself

    Readings

    Compounds

    Korean

    Hanja

    自 (eumhun 스스로 자 (seuseuro ja))

    1. hanja form? of 자 (“self”)

    Compounds

    Derived terms

    Okinawan

    Kanji

    自

    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

    Compounds

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    自: Hán Nôm readings: tự, từ, tợ

    1. chữ Hán form of tự (“self”)

    Compounds

    Idioms

    Zhuang

    Proper noun

    自

    1. Sawndip form of sw
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