自分
Chinese
from; self; oneself from; self; oneself; since |
to divide; minute; (a measure word) to divide; minute; (a measure word); (a unit of leng) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (自分) | 自 | 分 | |
| simp. #(自分) | 自 | 分 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zìfèn
- Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄈㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zìhfèn
- Wade–Giles: tzŭ4-fên4
- Yale: dz̀-fèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhfenn
- Palladius: цзыфэнь (czyfɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ fən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zi6 fan1
- Yale: jih fān
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi6 fan1
- Guangdong Romanization: ji6 fen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː²² fɐn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Verb
自分
- (literary) to evaluate oneself; to assess oneself; to self-estimate
- 武曰：「自分已死久矣！王必欲降武，請畢今日之歡，效死於前！」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
- Wǔ yuē: “Zìfèn yǐ sǐ jiǔ yǐ! Wáng bì yù xiáng Wǔ, qǐng bì jīnrì zhī huān, xiàosǐ yú qián!” [Pinyin]
- For a long time I've thought of myself as already dead,”said Su Wu. “King that you are, if you are bent upon forcing me to renounce my allegiance to the Han, then when today's festivities are over, I request permission to end my life in your presence.
武曰：「自分已死久矣！王必欲降武，请毕今日之欢，效死于前！」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]- 去年之舉，淳已自分必死，誰知不死，死於今日也！ [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1647, 夏完淳 (Xia Wanchun),《獄中上母書》 (From the Death Cell, to His Mother), translated by David E. Pollard
- Qùnián zhī jǔ, Chún yǐ zìfèn bìsǐ, shéi zhī bù sǐ, sǐ yú jīnrì yě! [Pinyin]
- I fully expected to die in the action of last year, but instead survived, to die this day!
去年之举，淳已自分必死，谁知不死，死于今日也！ [Literary Chinese, simp.]
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 自 | 分 |
| じ Grade: 2 |
ぶん Grade: 2 |
| goon | |
Pronunciation
Noun
自分 • (jibun)
- oneself
- 過去とは違う自分
- kako to wa chigau jibun
- a self who is different from the [self of the] past
- 太郎は自分を責めた。
- Tarō wa jibun o semeta.
- Taro blamed himself.
- 2004 September 8, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第34話 Ｌｅｔ’ｓ お見舞い [Chapter 34: Let’s Go for a Hospital Visit]”, in 武装錬金 [Armed Alchemy], volume 4, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, pages 161–162:
- いいえ 俺が勝ちたいのは自分です
- Īe ore ga kachitai no wa jibun desu
- No, the one I want to beat is myself
- いいえ 俺が勝ちたいのは自分です
- 過去とは違う自分
- first-person pronoun: I, me (often shows the speaker's lower position in a hierarchy than the addressee)
- (Kansai) you
Usage notes
- 自分 (jibun) means “oneself”, with 自分で (jibun de) meaning “by oneself, by one’s own efforts”. By contrast, 一人で and 独りで (hitori de) mean rather “alone”. Compare doing an assignment by oneself (without help) versus doing an assignment alone (without any other person around).
Synonyms
See also
- 自己 (jiko)
Japanese first-person pronouns
Japanese first-person pronouns by speakers and situations according to Yuko Saegusa, Concerning the First Personal Pronoun of Native Japanese Speakers (2009)
| Speaker | Situation | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | To friends | うち (uchi) 49% | First name 26% | あたし (atashi) 15% |
| In the family | First name 33% | あたし (atashi) 29% | うち (uchi) 23% | |
| In a class | わたし (watashi) 86% | あたし (atashi) 7% | うち (uchi) 6% | |
| To an unknown visitor | わたし (watashi) 75% | あたし (atashi), first name, うち (uchi) 8% each | ||
| To the class teacher | わたし (watashi) 66% | First name 13% | あたし (atashi) 9% | |
| Male | To friends | おれ (ore) 72% | ぼく (boku) 19% | First name 4% |
| In the family | おれ (ore) 62% | ぼく (boku) 23% | うち (uchi) 6% | |
| In a class | ぼく (boku) 85% | おれ (ore) 13% | First name, nickname 1% each | |
| To an unknown visitor | ぼく (boku) 64% | おれ (ore) 26% | First name 4% | |
| To the class teacher | ぼく (boku) 67% | おれ (ore) 27% | First name 3% | |
| Speaker | Situation | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | To friends | うち (uchi) 39% | あたし (atashi) 30% | わたし (watashi) 22% |
| In the family | あたし (atashi) 28% | First name 27% | うち (uchi) 18% | |
| In a class | わたし (watashi) 89% | あたし (atashi) 7% | 自分 (jibun) 3% | |
| To an unknown visitor | わたし (watashi) 81% | あたし (atashi) 10% | 自分 (jibun) 6% | |
| To the class teacher | わたし (watashi) 77% | あたし (atashi) 17% | 自分 (jibun) 7% | |
| Male | To friends | おれ (ore) 87% | うち (uchi) 4% | わたし (watashi), 自分 (jibun) 2% each |
| In the family | おれ (ore) 88% | ぼく (boku), 自分 (jibun) 5% each | ||
| In a class | わたし (watashi) 48% | 自分 (jibun) 28% | ぼく (boku) 22% | |
| To an unknown visitor | ぼく (boku) 36% | 自分 (jibun) 29% | わたし (watashi) 22% | |
| To the class teacher | 自分 (jibun) 38% | ぼく (boku) 29% | わたし (watashi) 22% | |
References
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.