降

降 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+6 in Chinese, 阜+7 in Japanese, 9 strokes in Chinese in traditional Chinese, 8 strokes in mainland China, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓中竹水手 (NLHEQ), four-corner 7725₄, composition ⿰阝夅)

• 𭉓, 𰜡, 𤌅, 𧌰, 𡲣, 𡹷, 𱽿, 𫁫, 𩄐, 𱗘, 𰙳, 𤯲, 𨼇

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1349, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41620
• Dae Jaweon: page 1852, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4126, character 18
• Unihan data for U+964D

• Unihan data for U+FA09

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 阝 (“hill, wall”) + phonetic 夅 (OC *ɡruːŋ, “to descend”) – descending a hill.

降

1. to fall; to drop; to descend; to come down

   降落  ―  jiàngluò  ―  to fall; to land

2. (honorific) to visit; to honor with one's presence
3. to bestow; to confer

   • 天降喪亂，饑饉薦臻。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     天降丧乱，饥馑荐臻。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Tiān jiàng sāngluàn, jījǐn jiànzhēn. [Pinyin]

     That Heaven [thus] sends down death and disorder?
     Famine comes again and again.

4. to reduce; to decrease; to lower

   降價／降价  ―  jiàngjià  ―  to reduce the price

5. (music) flat (♭)

   降A大調／降A大调  ―  jiàng-ēi dàdiào  ―  A-flat major

6. to be born
7. a surname

降

1. to surrender; to capitulate; to give in

   投降  ―  tóuxiáng  ―  to surrender

2. to subdue; to vanquish

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to etymology 1?”)

降

1. (Hakka) to give birth
   • 2012, 黃翠芳 [Grace Huang], “阿奶好作 [Easy To Be A Lady]”, in 牽等你介手 [Hold Your Hands]‎^[2], performed by 黃翠芳 [Grace Huang]:

     人毋係降下來就等人服侍 [Hailu Hakka, trad.]
     人毋系降下来就等人服侍 [Hailu Hakka, simp.]

     ngin m heˇ giungˇ haˋ loi ciu+ denˊ ngin fugˋ sii+ [Taiwanese Hakka Romanization System]

     People are not born to wait to be served

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. to descend
2. to fall
3. to precipitate
4. to surrender

• Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←こう (kou, historical)}、ごう (gō)^{←ごう (gou, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: おりる (oriru, 降りる, Jōyō)^{←おる (oru, 降る, historical)}、おろす (orosu, 降ろす, Jōyō)、ふる (furu, 降る, Jōyō)、くだす (kudasu, 降す)、くだる (kudaru, 降る)、ふらす (furasu, 降らす)、ふり (furi, 降り)
• Nanori: ふり (furi)、ふる (furu)

From Middle Chinese 降 (MC kaewngH).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠(ː)ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [강(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Wikisource

降 (eumhun 내릴 강 (naeril gang))

1. hanja form^? of 강 (“to come down; to descend”)

From Middle Chinese 降 (MC haewng).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ha̠ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [항]

降 (eumhun 항복할 항 (hangbokhal hang))

1. hanja form^? of 항 (“to surrender”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

降: Hán Việt readings: giáng^{[1][2][3][4][5]}, hàng (胡(hồ)江(giang)切(thiết))^[1][3][4][5]
降: Nôm readings: hàng^{[1][2][6][4][7]}, giáng^[2][4][7], dán^[1][2], nháng^[3], giuống^[6]

1. chữ Hán form of giáng (“to fall; to descend”)
2. chữ Hán form of hàng (“to surrender”)