投降
Chinese
| to throw; to send | to drop; to fall; to come down to drop; to fall; to come down; to descend; to surrender | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (投降) | 投 | 降 | |
| simp. #(投降) | 投 | 降 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tau4 hong4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thèu-hòng
- Eastern Min (BUC): dàu-hòng
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: tóuxiáng
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tóusiáng
- Wade–Giles: tʻou2-hsiang2
- Yale: tóu-syáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tourshyang
- Palladius: тоусян (tousjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tau4 hong4
- Yale: tàuh hòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tau4 hong4
- Guangdong Romanization: teo4 hong4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɐu̯²¹ hɔːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thèu-hòng
- Hakka Romanization System: teuˇ hongˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: teu2 hong2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰeu̯¹¹ hoŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tâu-hâng
- Tâi-lô: tâu-hâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: dau'haang
- IPA (Xiamen): /tau²⁴⁻²² haŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tau²⁴⁻²² haŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tau¹³⁻²² haŋ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /tau²⁴⁻¹¹ haŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tau²³⁻³³ haŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dao5 hang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tâu hâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ haŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien)
- Middle Chinese: duw haewng
Verb
投降
- to surrender; to capitulate
- to submit; to give in; to yield
- 不向焦慮與抑鬱投降，這個世界終會有我們存在的地方 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 2020, November 6, kenchiu233 (username), answer to the question “对于跨性别者而言家长党和天赋党哪个重要？”, on Zhihu, quoted in 2021 January 15, 张楠茜, 《拯救可橙： 被父母强送矫治的跨性别者》, in 《鳳凰週刊》 [Phoenix Weekly], →ISSN, issue 747, page 42
- bù xiàng jiāolǜ yǔ yìyù tóuxiáng, zhège shìjiè zhōng huì yǒu wǒmen cúnzài de dìfāng [Pinyin]
- Don't submit to anxiety and depression; eventually there'll be a place for us in the world
不向焦虑与抑郁投降，这个世界终会有我们存在的地方 [MSC, simp.]
Synonyms
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “to submit”):
- 不屈 (bùqū)
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 投 | 降 |
| とう Grade: 3 |
こう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
投降 • (tōkō)
Verb
投降する • (tōkō suru) intransitive suru (stem 投降し (tōkō shi), past 投降した (tōkō shita))
- surrender
Conjugation
Conjugation of "投降する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 投降し | とうこうし | tōkō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 投降し | とうこうし | tōkō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 投降する | とうこうする | tōkō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 投降する | とうこうする | tōkō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 投降すれ | とうこうすれ | tōkō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 投降せよ¹ 投降しろ² |
とうこうせよ¹ とうこうしろ² |
tōkō seyo¹ tōkō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 投降される | とうこうされる | tōkō sareru | |
| Causative | 投降させる 投降さす |
とうこうさせる とうこうさす |
tōkō saseru tōkō sasu | |
| Potential | 投降できる | とうこうできる | tōkō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 投降しよう | とうこうしよう | tōkō shiyō | |
| Negative | 投降しない | とうこうしない | tōkō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 投降せず | とうこうせず | tōkō sezu | |
| Formal | 投降します | とうこうします | tōkō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 投降した | とうこうした | tōkō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 投降して | とうこうして | tōkō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 投降すれば | とうこうすれば | tōkō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 投 | 降 |
Noun
投降 • (tuhang) (hangeul 투항)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 投 | 降 |
Verb
投降