侯

侯 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人弓一大 (ONMK), four-corner 2723₄, composition ⿰亻⿱⿱𠃍一矢 or ⿰亻⿱⿱乛一矢)

• 喉, 猴, 堠, 帿, 瘊, 睺, 篌, 糇, 緱/缑, 葔, 鍭/𬭤, 餱/𫗯, 鄇, 㢿, 㬋, 㮢, 䂉, 䗔, 䙈, 䞀/𬥽, 䫛, 翭, 鯸, 䳧/𪃶/𫛺, 𠋫, 𡗁, 𡟑, 𡹵, 𪹍, 𢜵, 𢰡, 𣣠, 𤧝, 𤬈, 𥀃, 𦑤, 𦞈, 𧇹, 𧩨, 𧯁, 𨂸, 𩃺, 𩋴, 𩘋, 𩩵, 𪈱, 𪑻

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 103, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 633
• Dae Jaweon: page 218, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 167, character 1
• Unihan data for U+4FAF

Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.

"target" > "prince, marquis"

侯 (OC *ɡoː)'s connection to archery is noted by Schuessler (2007), Theobald (2017)[1], Goldin (2021), etc. Goldin further relates it to 鍭 (OC *ɡoː, *ɡoːs, “arrow with metal tip”), which Schuessler instead relates to 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs).

Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC *ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).

When meaning "target > prince, marquis", possibly distinct from 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).

Its derivatives, from sense "target (n.) > to target (v.)", are 候 (OC *ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns), both meaning "to watch" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense "to watch" to be fundamental and "target; lord, marquis" to be derivatives..

"to be; to have"

Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Vietic *kɔːʔ (“to have, to be”) and Proto-Monic *gooʔ (“to get, to possess”); compare also Jingpho gu³¹ (“to have”).

侯

1. marquis; lord

   • 王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng. [Pinyin]

     According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).

2. (obsolete) target

   • 終日射侯 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     终日射侯 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zhōngrì shè hóu [Pinyin]

     Shooting all day at the target

3. (obsolete) to be, to have

   • 山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi. [Pinyin]

     On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.

4. a surname

   侯孝賢／侯孝贤  ―  Hóu Xiàoxián  ―  Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)

Others:

• → Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)

侯

1. only used in 閩侯／闽侯 (Mǐnhòu)

(Jōyō kanji)

1. marquis
2. lord
3. daimyo

• Go-on: ぐ (gu)
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kun: まと (mato, 侯)、きみ (kimi, 侯)

From Middle Chinese 侯 (MC huw).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɸʷu]
• Phonetic hangul: [후]

Wikisource

侯 (eumhun 제후 후 (jehu hu))

1. hanja form^? of 후 (“marquis; lord”)
2. hanja form^? of 후 (“target in archery”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

侯: Hán Nôm readings: hậu, hầu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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