候

候 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人中弓大 (OLNK), four-corner 2723₄, composition ⿰⿰亻丨⿱⿱𠃍一矢 or ⿰⿰亻丨⿱⿱乛一矢)

• 𭏒, 𢰡, 𤠣, 𮌧, 𬑟, 𦃺, 𬫺, 𩌖, 𩺟, 𥱌, 𭏑

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 108, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 775
• Dae Jaweon: page 229, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 178, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5019

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡoːs): semantic 亻 + phonetic 矦 (OC *ɡoː), as 𠊱. The 矦 component (here in modified form where the first 丿 stroke is omitted and the second 丿 stroke is written as a 丨 stroke) is an ancient form of 侯 (hóu).

候

1. to reconnoitre; to scout
2. to observe; to survey
3. to wait for; to await
4. to respectfully await
5. to visit; to send one's respects to
6. to wait on; to attend to; to take care of
7. to forecast; to predict (by divination)
8. (historical) scout; lookout; vanguard
9. (historical) alternative form of 堠 (hòu, “fortress”)
10. (historical) official
11. (historical) posthouse; station
12. (historical) pentad (ancient time unit composed of five days)
13. climate; season
14. omen; sign; portent
15. (traditional Chinese medicine) to examine (pulse)
16. (traditional Chinese medicine) medical sign and symptom
17. (dialectal) to pay for (a bill)

• “候”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. climate
2. season
3. weather

• Go-on: ぐ (gu)
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kun: そうろう (sōrou, 候, Jōyō)^{←さうらふ (saurafu, 候, historical)}、うかがう (ukagau, 候う)^{←うかがふ (ukagafu, 候ふ, historical)}、さぶらう (saburau, 候う)^{←さぶらふ (saburafu, 候ふ, historical)}、まつ (matsu, 候つ)
• Nanori: きざす (kizasu)

• 候(そ)い (soi)
• 候(そ)う (sou)
• 候(そ)え (soe)

From Middle Chinese 候 (MC huwH). The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

• (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

候(こう) • (kō) 

1. (literary) the season, the weather of the current season

• 厳(げん)寒(かん)の候(こう) (genkan no kō, “the coldest season or weather”)
• 伺(し)候(こう) (shikō, “waiting upon (someone)”)

/saburaɸu/ → /sauraɸu/ → /soːroː/

A sound shift from 侍(さぶら)う (saburau, “to serve by one's side”), historical さぶらふ. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

• IPA^(key): [so̞ːɾo̞ː]

候(そうろう) • (sōrou) ^{←さうらふ (saurafu)?}godan (stem 候(そうろい) (sōroi), past 候(そうろっ)た (sōrotta))

1. (archaic) alternative form of 候う (“to serve; to be”)

• 居(い)候(そうろう) (isōrō, “freeloader, sponger”)
• 候(そうろう)文(ぶん) (sōrōbun, “epistolary style”)

Late-medieval transition from sōrō above.^[1]

• IPA^(key): [so̞ɾo̞]
• IPA^(key): [sɨ]
• IPA^(key): [so̞ː]

候(そろ) or 候(す) or 候(そう) • (soro or su or sou) ^{←さう (sau)?}

1. (archaic) to be; auxiliary used in place of -ある after で or に when forming a copula
   • 1863 August 11, Nakaoka Shintarō, 中岡慎太郎全集‎^[2], 日付望月清平、小畑孫二郎、河野万寿弥宛:

     止(と)め候(そろ)は如何(いかん)、実(じつ)に可慨(なげくべき)之(の)至(いたり)に候(そろ)事(こと)。

     Tome soro wa ikan, jitsu ni nagekubeki no itari ni soro koto.

     How can he be stopped? It is a truly lamentable result.

2. (archaic) to do; auxiliary used in place of -ます after the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb
   • 1939, Takamori Saigō, 遺牘‎^[3]:

     誠(まこと)に可笑(わらうべき)事(こと)に御座(ござい)候(そろ)。

     Makoto ni waraubeki koto ni gozaisoro.

     It is verily a laughable thing.

• 又(また)候(ぞろ) (matazoro, “(yet) again”)

/zauro/ → /zoːro/

Stem of rendaku form 候う (zōrou), used in compounds. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

• IPA^(key): [d͡zo̞ːɾo̞]

候(ぞうろ) • (zōro) ^{←ざうろ (zauro)?}

1. service
2. doing

From Middle Chinese 候 (MC huwH).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɸʷu]
• Phonetic hangul: [후]

Wikisource

候 (eumhun 기후 후 (gihu hu))

1. hanja form^? of 후 (“climate; season”)
2. hanja form^? of 후 (“to forecast; to wait”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

候: Hán Nôm readings: hầu, hậu, thoắng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.