降級
Chinese
to drop; to fall; to come down to drop; to fall; to come down; to descend; to surrender |
level; grade; rank level; grade; rank; step | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (降級) | 降 | 級 | |
| simp. (降级) | 降 | 级 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gong3 kap1
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jiàngjí
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄐㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiàngjí
- Wade–Giles: chiang4-chi2
- Yale: jyàng-jí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianqjyi
- Palladius: цзянцзи (czjanczi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gong3 kap1
- Yale: gong kāp
- Cantonese Pinyin: gong3 kap7
- Guangdong Romanization: gong3 keb1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔːŋ³³ kʰɐp̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàng-kip
- Tâi-lô: kàng-kip
- Phofsit Daibuun: karngkib
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kip̚⁵/
- IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kip̚³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kip̚³²/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kip̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàng-khip
- Tâi-lô: kàng-khip
- Phofsit Daibuun: karngqib
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰip̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gang3 kib4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kàng khip
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰip̚²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Verb
降級
Synonyms
- (to demote):
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 降 | 級 |
| こう Grade: 6 |
きゅう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
Antonyms
- 昇給 (shōkyū)
Verb
降級する • (kōkyū suru) ←かうきふ (kaukifu)?suru (stem 降級し (kōkyū shi), past 降級した (kōkyū shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "降級する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 降級し | こうきゅうし | kōkyū shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 降級し | こうきゅうし | kōkyū shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 降級する | こうきゅうする | kōkyū suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 降級する | こうきゅうする | kōkyū suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 降級すれ | こうきゅうすれ | kōkyū sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 降級せよ¹ 降級しろ² |
こうきゅうせよ¹ こうきゅうしろ² |
kōkyū seyo¹ kōkyū shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 降級される | こうきゅうされる | kōkyū sareru | |
| Causative | 降級させる 降級さす |
こうきゅうさせる こうきゅうさす |
kōkyū saseru kōkyū sasu | |
| Potential | 降級できる | こうきゅうできる | kōkyū dekiru | |
| Volitional | 降級しよう | こうきゅうしよう | kōkyū shiyō | |
| Negative | 降級しない | こうきゅうしない | kōkyū shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 降級せず | こうきゅうせず | kōkyū sezu | |
| Formal | 降級します | こうきゅうします | kōkyū shimasu | |
| Perfective | 降級した | こうきゅうした | kōkyū shita | |
| Conjunctive | 降級して | こうきゅうして | kōkyū shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 降級すれば | こうきゅうすれば | kōkyū sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||