降臨

See also: 降临

Chinese

		to drop; to fall; to come down to drop; to fall; to come down; to descend; to surrender	to face; to overlook; to arrive to face; to overlook; to arrive; to be (just) about to; just before
trad. (降臨)		降	臨
simp. (降临)		降	临

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiànglín

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gong³ lam⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kong-lìm
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kàng-lîm

(Teochew, Peng'im): gang³ lim⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵kaon-lin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiànglín
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiànglín
  - Wade–Giles: chiang⁴-lin²
  - Yale: jyàng-lín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianqlin
  - Palladius: цзянлинь (czjanlinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ lin³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gong³ lam⁴
  - Yale: gong làhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gong³ lam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: gong³ lem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ³³ lɐm²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kong-lìm
  - Hakka Romanization System: gong lim^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gong⁴ lim²
  - Sinological IPA: /koŋ⁵⁵ lim¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàng-lîm
  - Tâi-lô: kàng-lîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: karngliim
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lim²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lim²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lim¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ lim²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ lim²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gang³ lim⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kàng lîm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ lim⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵kaon-lin
  - MiniDict: kaon^去 lin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²kaan-lin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɑ̃³³ lin⁴⁴/

Verb

降臨

to befall; to descend upon; to arrive; to come

Synonyms

來到 / 来到 (láidào)
來臨 / 来临 (láilín)
到來 / 到来 (dàolái)
到達 / 到达 (dàodá)
就 (jiù) (literary, or in compounds)
抵達 / 抵达 (dǐdá)
至 (formal, or in compounds)
達 / 达 (literary, or in compounds)

Derived terms

降臨節 / 降临节 (jiànglínjié)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (降臨):

→ Japanese: 降臨(こうりん) (kōrin)
→ Korean: 강림(降臨) (gangnim)
→ Vietnamese: giáng lâm (降臨)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
降	臨
こう Grade: 6	りん Grade: 6
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こーりん [kòóríń] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːɾʲĩɴ]

Noun

降(こう)臨(りん) • (kōrin)

descent of a god from heaven to earth
(respectful) arrival

Verb

降(こう)臨(りん)する • (kōrin suru) suru (stem 降(こう)臨(りん)し (kōrin shi), past 降(こう)臨(りん)した (kōrin shita))

(of gods) to descend from heaven to the earth
(respectful) to appear; to arrive

Conjugation

Conjugation of "降臨する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	降臨し	こうりんし	kōrin shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	降臨し	こうりんし	kōrin shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	降臨する	こうりんする	kōrin suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	降臨する	こうりんする	kōrin suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	降臨すれ	こうりんすれ	kōrin sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	降臨せよ¹ 降臨しろ²	こうりんせよ¹ こうりんしろ²	kōrin seyo¹ kōrin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	降臨される	こうりんされる	kōrin sareru
Causative	降臨させる降臨さす	こうりんさせるこうりんさす	kōrin saseru kōrin sasu
Potential	降臨できる	こうりんできる	kōrin dekiru
Volitional	降臨しよう	こうりんしよう	kōrin shiyō
Negative	降臨しない	こうりんしない	kōrin shinai
Negative continuative	降臨せず	こうりんせず	kōrin sezu
Formal	降臨します	こうりんします	kōrin shimasu
Perfective	降臨した	こうりんした	kōrin shita
Conjunctive	降臨して	こうりんして	kōrin shite
Hypothetical conditional	降臨すれば	こうりんすれば	kōrin sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

See also

Korean

Hanja in this term
降	臨

Noun

降臨 • (gangnim) (hangeul 강림)

hanja form^? of 강림 (“descent of a god from heaven to earth”)