自主

Chinese

		from; self; oneself from; self; oneself; since	to own; to host; master to own; to host; master; lord; primary
simp. and trad. (自主)		自	主

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zìzhǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄓㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi⁶ zyu²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chū-chú / chīr-chú

(Teochew, Peng'im): ze⁶ zu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zìzhǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄓㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zìhjhǔ
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴-chu³
  - Yale: dz̀-jǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhjuu
  - Palladius: цзычжу (czyčžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi⁶ zyu²
  - Yale: jih jyú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶ dzy²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶ ju²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²² t͡syː³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-chú
  - Tâi-lô: tsū-tsú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zuxzuo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡su³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr-chú
  - Tâi-lô: tsīr-tsú
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ze⁶ zu²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̆ tsú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/

Verb

自主

to take the initiative; to act autonomously; to have self-determination
自主創業／自主创业 ― zìzhǔ chuàngyè ― self-employment

Derived terms

不由自主 (bùyóuzìzhǔ)
獨立自主 / 独立自主 (dúlìzìzhǔ)
自主創新 / 自主创新 (zìzhǔ chuàngxīn)
自主權 / 自主权 (zìzhǔquán)
自主神經系統 / 自主神经系统 (zìzhǔ shénjīng xìtǒng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (自主):

→ Japanese: 自主(じしゅ) (jishu)
→ Korean: 자주(自主) (jaju)
→ Vietnamese: tự chủ (自主)

Adjective

自主

(medicine, attributive) autonomic

Japanese

Kanji in this term
自	主
じ Grade: 2	しゅ Grade: 3
goon	kan'on

Etymology

Appeared in 英和対訳袖珍辞書 (“A Pocket Dictionary of the English and Japanese Language”) of 1862.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じしゅ [jíꜜshù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]^[4]^[5]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑiɕɨ]

Noun

自(じ)主(しゅ) • (jishu)

autonomy, independence
Synonyms: 自立 (jiritsu), 独立 (dokuritsu)

Antonyms

隷(れい)従(じゅう) (reijū, “servility, servitude”)

Derived terms

自(じ)主(しゅ)管(かん)理(り) (jishu kanri)
自(じ)主(しゅ)規(き)制(せい) (jishu kisei)
自(じ)主(しゅ)権(けん) (jishuken)
自(じ)主(しゅ)財(ざい)源(げん) (jishu zaigen)
自(じ)主(しゅ)性(せい) (jishusei)
自(じ)主(しゅ)占(せん)有(ゆう) (jishu sen'yū)
自(じ)主(しゅ)的(てき) (jishuteki, “autonomous”)
自(じ)主(しゅ)独(どく)往(おう) (jishu dokuō)
自(じ)主(しゅ)トレ (jishu tore)
自(じ)主(しゅ)法(ほう) (jishuhō)
自(じ)主(しゅ)流(りゅう)通(つう)米(まい) (jishu ryūtsūmai)

References

^ “自主”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Hori, Tatsunosuke (1862) 英和対訳袖珍辞書‎^[2], Edo: Yōsho Shirabesho, page 315
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
自	主

Noun

自主 • (jaju) (hangeul 자주)

hanja form^? of 자주 (“independence; autonomy”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
自	主

Verb

自主

chữ Hán form of tự chủ (“to be in possession of oneself; to self-control”)

Adjective

自主

chữ Hán form of tự chủ (“independent; self-supporting”)