松明

Chinese

		pine	clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty
trad. (松明)		松	明
simp. ^#(松明)		松	明

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sōngmíng

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥㄇㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cung⁴ ming⁴
Northern Min (KCR): cě̤ng-miâng
Eastern Min (BUC): sṳ̀ng-miāng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): song-bêng / siông-bêng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sōngmíng
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥㄇㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: songmíng
  - Wade–Giles: sung¹-ming²
  - Yale: sūng-míng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: songming
  - Palladius: сунмин (sunmin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cung⁴ ming⁴
  - Yale: chùhng mìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsung⁴ ming⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cung⁴ ming⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ mɪŋ²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    松明
    重明
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cě̤ng-miâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœyŋ²¹ miaŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̀ng-miāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /syŋ⁵³⁻³³ miaŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: song-bêng
  - Tâi-lô: song-bîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: songbeeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔŋ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siông-bêng
  - Tâi-lô: siông-bîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siongbeeng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔŋ¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

Noun

松明

pine torch

Synonyms

edit

明子 (dated)
松光 (Liuzhou Mandarin, Pingxiang Gan)
松明子 (sōngmíngzǐ)
松明油 (Wenzhounese)
松明𱬀 (Eastern Min)
松迷 (Huizhou)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (松明):

→ Japanese: 松明(しょうめい) (shōmei)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
松	明
たいまつ
Grade: 4	Grade: 2
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
炬炬火

/takimat͡su/ → /taĩmat͡su/ → /taimat͡su/

Shift by イ音便 (i onbin, “i sound shift”) from takimatsu, itself from 焚き (taki, “burning”, stem or continuative form of verb 焚く (taku), "to burn") +‎ 松 (matsu, “pine tree”).^[1]^[2]^[3] Compare the development of 続松 (tsugimatsu → tsuimatsu) of the same meaning.

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 松明 (sōngmíng).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) たいまつ [táꜜìmàtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]^[4]^[5]
(Tokyo) たいまつ [tàímátsú] (Heiban – [0])^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [ta̠ima̠t͡sɨ]

Noun

松明(たいまつ) • (taimatsu)

a torch (stick with flame at one end)
Synonyms: 打ち松 (uchimatsu), 炬火 (kyoka, koka), 炬燭 (kyoshoku), 松火 (shōka), 松炬 (shōkyo), 続松 (tsuimatsu), トーチ (tōchi), 松 (matsu)

Derived terms

お松明(たいまつ), 御(お)松明(たいまつ) (o-taimatsu)
松明(たいまつ)行(ぎょう)列(れつ) (taimatsu gyōretsu)
松明(たいまつ)の占(うら) (taimatsu no ura)
松明(たいまつ)祭(まつり), 松明(たいまつ)祭(まつ)り (Taimatsu-matsuri)
鵜(う)松明(たいまつ) (u-taimatsu)
陣(じん)松明(たいまつ) (jintaimatsu)
手(て)松明(たいまつ) (tetaimatsu), 手(て)松明(だいまつ) (tedaimatsu)
投(な)げ松明(たいまつ) (nagetaimatsu)
柱(はしら)松明(たいまつ) (hashira taimatsu)

Proper noun

松明(たいまつ) • (Taimatsu)

a placename

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
松	明
しょう Grade: 4	めい Grade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 松明 (MC zjowng mjaeng). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

松(しょう)明(めい) • (shōmei)

a torch (stick with flame at one end)
the flame of an oil lamp

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
松	明
まつ Grade: 4	めい Grade: 2
yutōyomi

Proper noun

松(まつ)明(めい) • (Matsumei)

a surname

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[2] Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-5] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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