松楸

Chinese

		pine	Catalpa; Mallotus japonicus
trad. (松楸)		松	楸
simp. ^#(松楸)		松	楸

Etymology

松 (sōng, “pine tree”) and 楸 (qiū, “Catalpa bungei”) used to be trees commonly planted in graveyards, hence becoming a metonym for graves.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sōngqiū

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥㄑㄧㄡ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sōngqiū
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥㄑㄧㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: songciou
  - Wade–Giles: sung¹-chʻiu¹
  - Yale: sūng-chyōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: songchiou
  - Palladius: сунцю (suncju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: zjowng tshjuw

Rime
Character	松	楸
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	祥容切	七由切
Baxter	zjowng	tshjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/zɨoŋ/	/t͡sʰɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/zioŋ/	/t͡sʰiu/
Shao Rongfen	/zioŋ/	/t͡sʰiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zuawŋ/	/t͡sʰuw/
Li Rong	/zioŋ/	/t͡sʰiu/
Wang Li	/zĭwoŋ/	/t͡sʰĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/zi̯woŋ/	/t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sóng	qiū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung⁴	cau¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sɢloŋ sʰɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	松
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sōng
Middle Chinese	‹ zjowng ›
Old Chinese	/*sə.ɢoŋ/
English	pine (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	松	楸
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4115	10540
Phonetic component	公	秋
Rime group	東	幽
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	松	秋
Old Chinese	/*sɢloŋ/	/*sʰɯw/

Noun

松楸

(literary, figurative) grave; tomb
(literary, figurative) the tombs of one's deceased parents or other relatives