汕頭

See also: 汕头

Chinese

		Swatow	head; (noun suffix)
trad. (汕頭)		汕	頭
simp. (汕头)		汕	头

Etymology

While the modern Teochew pronunciation contains the first syllable in the yinping (陰平／阴平) tone, as attested in Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular [1886] by Lim Hiong Seng, it appears that historically the first syllable of the toponym had the yinqu (陰去／阴去) tone. The pronunciation Suàⁿ-thâu is recorded in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect [1883] by Adele M. Fielde and English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular Or Spoken Language of Swatow [1883] by William Duffus.

The toponym is a shortening of 沙汕頭／沙汕头. In 1717, a fort, 沙汕頭砲臺, was constructed in the area, which was then under the administration of Chenghai (澄海) county. Both 沙汕頭／沙汕头 and 汕頭 / 汕头 are attested in 潮州海防圖說 [c. 18th century] by official Lan Dingyuan (藍鼎元). 沙汕 is cognate with Hokkien 沙線／沙线 (soa-sòaⁿ, “sandbank”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Shàntóu

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ ㄊㄡˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): saan³ tau⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): san¹ heu³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): San-thèu / Sân-thèu
Eastern Min (BUC): Sáng-tàu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Sòaⁿ-thâu

(Teochew, Peng'im): suan¹ tao⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Shàntóu
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ ㄊㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Shàntóu
  - Wade–Giles: Shan⁴-tʻou²
  - Yale: Shàn-tóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shanntour
  - Palladius: Шаньтоу (Šanʹtou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: saan³ tau⁴
  - Yale: saan tàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saan³ tau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: san³ teo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn³³ tʰɐu̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: san¹ heu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /san³³ heu²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: San-thèu / Sân-thèu
  - Hakka Romanization System: san teu^ˇ / san^ˊ teu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: san⁴ teu² / san¹ teu²
  - Sinological IPA: /san⁵⁵ tʰeu̯¹¹/, /san²⁴ tʰeu̯¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Sáng-tàu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^(tʰ-)nau⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sòaⁿ-thâu
  - Tâi-lô: Suànn-thâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svoartaau
  - IPA (Xiamen): /suã²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /suã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰau²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /suã²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /suã¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /suã²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰau²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: suan¹ tao⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ thâu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sũã³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

Proper noun

汕頭

(～市) Shantou (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)

Synonyms

鮀城／𬶍城 (Tuóchéng)
鮀島／𬶍岛 (Tuódǎo)

Derived terms

汕頭話 / 汕头话 (Shàntóuhuà)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (汕頭):

→ Japanese: 汕頭(せんとう) (Sentō)
→ Korean: 산두(汕頭) (Sandu)
→ Vietnamese: Sán Đầu (汕頭)

Others:

→ English: Shantou, Swatow
- → Japanese: 汕頭(スワトウ) (Suwatō)
→ Japanese: 汕頭(シャントウ) (Shantō)
→ Korean: 산터우 (Santeou)
→ Thai: ซัวเถา (suua-tǎo)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
汕	頭
すわ Hyōgai	とう Grade: 2
irregular

Alternative spelling
仙頭 (misspelling)

From English Swatow, from Teochew 汕頭／汕头 (suan1 tao5).

Alternative forms

汕頭(せんとう) (Sentō), 汕頭(シャントウ) (Shantō)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sɨβ̞a̠to̞ː]

Proper noun

汕頭(スワトウ) • (Suwatō) ^{←スワタウ (Swatau)^?}

Shantou (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
汕	頭
せん Hyōgai	とう Grade: 2
on'yomi

The Sino-Japanese reading of Chinese 汕頭 / 汕头 (Shàntóu).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sẽ̞nto̞ː]

Proper noun

汕(せん)頭(とう) • (Sentō) ^{←せんとう (Sentou)^?}

alternative form of 汕頭 (Suwatō, “Shantou (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
汕	頭
しゃん Hyōgai	とう Grade: 2
irregular

From Mandarin 汕頭／汕头 (Shàntóu).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɕã̠nto̞ː]

Proper noun

汕頭(シャントウ) • (Shantō)

alternative form of 汕頭 (Suwatō, “Shantou (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)”)