渾淪

See also: 浑沦

Chinese

Pronunciation 1

		muddy	perish
trad. (渾淪)		渾	淪
simp. (浑沦)		浑	沦
alternative forms		渾侖／浑仑

Mandarin
(Pinyin): húnlún

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁴ leon⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: húnlún
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: húnlún
  - Wade–Giles: hun²-lun²
  - Yale: hwún-lwún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwenluen
  - Palladius: хуньлунь (xunʹlunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wan⁴ leon⁴
  - Yale: wàhn lèuhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁴ loen⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wen⁴ lên⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²¹ lɵn²¹/

Middle Chinese: hwon lwin

Rime
Character	渾	淪
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	戸昆切	力迍切
Baxter	hwon	lwin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuən/	/liuɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuon/	/lʷin/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuən/	/ljuen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwən/	/lwin/
Li Rong	/ɣuən/	/liuĕn/
Wang Li	/ɣuən/	/lĭuĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuən/	/li̯uĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hún	lún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan⁴	leon⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːn run/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渾
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hún
Middle Chinese	‹ hwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁ[u]r/
English	chaotic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渾	淪
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	7321	8662
Phonetic component	軍	侖
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	䰟	淪
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːn/	/*run/

Adjective

渾淪

(archaic) complete; whole

Pronunciation 2

		muddy	perish
trad. (渾淪)		渾	淪
simp. (浑沦)		浑	沦
alternative forms		渾侖／浑仑昆侖／昆仑混淪／混沦

Mandarin
(Pinyin): húnlún, hùnlún

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ, ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁶ leon⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: húnlún
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: húnlún
  - Wade–Giles: hun²-lun²
  - Yale: hwún-lwún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwenluen
  - Palladius: хуньлунь (xunʹlunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hùnlún
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hùnlún
  - Wade–Giles: hun⁴-lun²
  - Yale: hwùn-lwún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huennluen
  - Palladius: хуньлунь (xunʹlunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: wan⁶ leon⁴
  - Yale: wahn lèuhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁶ loen⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wen⁶ lên⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²² lɵn²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    混淪 / 混沦
    渾淪 / 浑沦

Middle Chinese: hwonX lwin

Rime
Character	渾	淪
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	胡本切	力迍切
Baxter	hwonX	lwin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuən^X/	/liuɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuon^X/	/lʷin/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuən^X/	/ljuen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwən^X/	/lwin/
Li Rong	/ɣuən^X/	/liuĕn/
Wang Li	/ɣuən^X/	/lĭuĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuən^X/	/li̯uĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hùn	lún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan⁶	leon⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːnʔ run/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渾
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hún
Middle Chinese	‹ hwon^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁurʔ/
English	chaotic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渾	淪
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	7328	8662
Phonetic component	軍	侖
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	混	淪
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːnʔ/	/*run/

Noun

渾淪

(obsolete) alternative form of 混沌 (hùndùn)

Adjective

渾淪

(archaic) unclear; vague
(archaic) simple; plain