渾

See also: 浑

渾	U+6E3E, 渾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E3E

← 渽
[U+6E3D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

渿 →
[U+6E3F]

Translingual

Han character

渾 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水月十十 (EBJJ), four-corner 3715₆, composition ⿰氵軍)

Derived characters

𩅴

Related characters

浑 (Simplified Chinese)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 635, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17800
Dae Jaweon: page 1043, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1687, character 8
Unihan data for U+6E3E

Chinese

trad.		渾
simp.		浑

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 渾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
揮	*qʰul
輝	*qʰul
翬	*qʰul
暉	*qʰul
煇	qʰul, ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ
楎	qʰul, ɡuːn
瀈	*qʰul
韗	qʰons, ɢuns
褌	*kuːn
鶤	kuːn, ɢuns
緷	kuːnʔ, ɡuːnʔ, *ɢuns
睴	kuːns, ɡuːnʔ
璭	*kuːns
瘒	*ŋɡuːn
顐	ŋɡuːn, ŋɡuːns, *ɡuːn
諢	*ŋɡuːns
餫	ɡuːn, ɢuns
渾	ɡuːn, ɡuːnʔ
琿	*ɡuːn
鼲	*ɡuːn
堚	*ɡuːn
鯶	*ɡuːnʔ
軍	*kun
皸	kun, kuns
齳	*ŋɡunʔ
喗	*ŋɡunʔ
葷	*qʰun
惲	*qunʔ
賱	*qunʔ
運	*ɢuns
暈	*ɢuns
鄆	*ɢuns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ): semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hún (hun²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vùn
Northern Min (KCR): ông
Eastern Min (BUC): hùng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hûn

(Teochew, Peng'im): hung⁶ / hung¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hún
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hún
  - Wade–Giles: hun²
  - Yale: hwún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwen
  - Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: wan⁴
  - Yale: wàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vùn
  - Hakka Romanization System: vun^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vun²
  - Sinological IPA: /vun¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hùng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûn
  - Tâi-lô: hûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hun²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung⁶ / hung¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭng / hung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ³⁵/, /huŋ³³/

Note:

hung1 - totally;
hung6 - other senses.

Middle Chinese: hwon

Rime
Character	渾
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸昆切
Baxter	hwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuən/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuon/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwən/
Li Rong	/ɣuən/
Wang Li	/ɣuən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤ[u]r/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渾
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hún
Middle Chinese	‹ hwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁ[u]r/
English	chaotic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渾
Reading #	1/2
No.	7321
Phonetic component	軍
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	䰟
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːn/

Definitions

渾

(obsolete) sound of spouting water
muddy; turbid
foolish; stupid
simple and natural; unsophisticated
渾樸／浑朴 ― húnpǔ ― simple and natural
whole; complete
渾身不舒服／浑身不舒服 ― húnshēn bùshūfú ― the whole body feels uncomfortable
(literary) simply, in short
- 白頭搔更短，渾欲不勝簪。 [MSC, trad.]
  白头搔更短，浑欲不胜簪。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 757, 杜甫 (Du Fu), 春望
  Báitóu sāo gèng duǎn, hún yù bùshèng zān. [Pinyin]
  As I scratch my white hair it gets shorter; Simply put it soon won't hold a hairpin within it.
(literary) still
name of several rivers
short for 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún)
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 渾 (“muddy; turbid”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		渾濁, 混濁
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	渾
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	渾
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	溷
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	渾
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	渾
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	渾
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	渾
Cantonese	Guangzhou	濁
	Hong Kong	濁
	Yangjiang	濁
Gan	Nanchang	渾
Hakka	Meixian	渾
Jin	Taiyuan	溷
Northern Min	Jian'ou	渾, 濁
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	渾
Southern Min	Xiamen	醪, 醪濁
	Zhangzhou	醪
	Chaozhou	醪
	Haikou	醪
Wu	Suzhou	渾
Wu	Wenzhou	渾
Xiang	Changsha	渾
Xiang	Shuangfeng	渾

Compounds

吐谷渾 / 吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún)
含渾 / 含浑
含蓄渾厚 / 含蓄浑厚
圓渾 / 圆浑
大渾家 / 大浑家
打水不渾 / 打水不浑
攪渾 / 搅浑 (jiǎohún)
渾不似 / 浑不似
渾不比 / 浑不比
渾世 / 浑世
渾人 / 浑人
渾似 / 浑似
渾倌 / 浑倌
渾全 / 浑全
渾化 / 浑化
渾厚 / 浑厚 (húnhòu)
渾可事 / 浑可事
渾噩 / 浑噩
渾圓 / 浑圆 (húnyuán)
渾家 / 浑家 (húnjiā)
渾小子 / 浑小子 (húnxiǎozi)
渾成 / 浑成
渾是 / 浑是
渾樸 / 浑朴 (húnpǔ)
渾樸自然 / 浑朴自然
渾水 / 浑水 (húnshuǐ)
渾水摸魚 / 浑水摸鱼 (húnshuǐmōyú)
渾河 / 浑河
渾涵 / 浑涵
渾渾噩噩 / 浑浑噩噩 (húnhún'è'è)
渾濁 / 浑浊 (húnzhuó)
渾然 / 浑然 (húnrán)
渾然一體 / 浑然一体 (húnrányītǐ)
渾然不知 / 浑然不知
渾然不覺 / 浑然不觉
渾然天成 / 浑然天成
渾然忘我 / 浑然忘我
渾無罣礙 / 浑无罣碍
渾箇 / 浑个
渾純 / 浑纯
渾脫 / 浑脱
渾花 / 浑花
渾蓋 / 浑盖
渾蛋 / 浑蛋
渾言 / 浑言
渾話 / 浑话
渾身 / 浑身 (húnshēn)
渾身是膽 / 浑身是胆
渾身無力 / 浑身无力
渾身發軟 / 浑身发软
渾身解數 / 浑身解数
渾身銅臭 / 浑身铜臭
渾酒 / 浑酒
渾金璞玉 / 浑金璞玉
渾閒 / 浑闲
渾閑事 / 浑闲事
渾骨丫髻 / 浑骨丫髻
璞玉渾金 / 璞玉浑金
老忘渾 / 老忘浑
谷渾 / 谷浑 (Yùhún)
質直渾厚 / 质直浑厚
踹渾水 / 踹浑水
蹚渾水 / 蹚浑水
躧渾水 / 𰸐浑水
鑿渾沌 / 凿浑沌
阿月渾子 / 阿月浑子 (āyuèhúnzǐ)
雄渾 / 雄浑 (xiónghún)
鬼打渾 / 鬼打浑

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hún, hùn

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ, ㄏㄨㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁶ / wan⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hún
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hún
  - Wade–Giles: hun²
  - Yale: hwún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwen
  - Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hùn
  - Wade–Giles: hun⁴
  - Yale: hwùn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huenn
  - Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: wan⁶ / wan⁴
  - Yale: wahn / wàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁶ / wan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wen⁶ / wen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²²/, /wɐn²¹/

Middle Chinese: hwonX

Rime
Character	渾
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡本切
Baxter	hwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuən^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuon^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuən^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwən^X/
Li Rong	/ɣuən^X/
Wang Li	/ɣuən^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuən^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hùn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤurʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渾
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hún
Middle Chinese	‹ hwon^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁurʔ/
English	chaotic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渾
Reading #	2/2
No.	7328
Phonetic component	軍
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	混
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːnʔ/

Definitions

渾

large
to mix; to muddle
simple; plain
pure
short for 渾天／浑天
short for 渾天儀／浑天仪 (húntiānyí)

Compounds

分渾元 / 分浑元
打渾 / 打浑
沒渾過事 / 没浑过事
渾俗和光 / 浑俗和光
渾元 / 浑元
渾名 / 浑名 (húnmíng)
渾天 / 浑天
渾天儀 / 浑天仪 (húntiānyí)
渾敦 / 浑敦 (hùndùn)
渾殽 / 浑淆
渾沌 / 浑沌 (hùndùn)
渾淪 / 浑沦
渾渾 / 浑浑
渾球 / 浑球 (húnqiú)
渾號 / 浑号
渾賬 / 浑账
龍蛇渾雜 / 龙蛇浑杂

Pronunciation 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 渾 – see 混 (“torrential; turbid; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 混).

Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǔn (gun³)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwan²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǔn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǔn
  - Wade–Giles: kun³
  - Yale: gwǔn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goen
  - Palladius: гунь (gunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ən²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gwan²
  - Yale: gwán
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwan²
  - Guangdong Romanization: guen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐn³⁵/

Definitions

渾

only used in 渾渾／浑浑 (gǔngǔn, “alternative form of 滾滾; rolling along”)
to fall

Japanese

Kanji

渾

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ごん (gon)
Kan-on: こん (kon)
Kun: にごる (nigoru, 渾る)、すべて (subete, 渾て)、まじる (majiru, 渾じる)

Korean

Hanja

渾 • (hon) (hangeul 혼, revised hon, McCune–Reischauer hon, Yale hon)

muddy, turbid
blend, merge, mix

Vietnamese

Han character

渾: Hán Nôm readings: hồn, hỗn

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