滔滔

Chinese

		overflow; torrent-dash	overflow; torrent-dash
simp. and trad. (滔滔)		滔	滔

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tāotāo

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄠㄊㄠ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tou¹ tou¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tāotāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄠㄊㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: taotao
  - Wade–Giles: tʻao¹-tʻao¹
  - Yale: tāu-tāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tautau
  - Palladius: таотао (taotao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tou¹ tou¹
  - Yale: tōu tōu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tou¹ tou¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: tou¹ tou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯⁵⁵ tʰou̯⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: thaw thaw

Rime
Character	滔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	土刀切
Baxter	thaw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰaw/
Li Rong	/tʰɑu/
Wang Li	/tʰɑu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tou¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤu l̥ˤu/

(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰuː l̥ʰuː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	滔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tāo
Middle Chinese	‹ thaw ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁu/
English	rushing water
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	滔
Reading #	1/1
No.	14731
Phonetic component	舀
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	饕
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰuː/

Adjective

滔滔

(of water) torrential; surging
(of talking) incessant
(literary) grand; magnificent

Derived terms

滔滔不斷 / 滔滔不断
滔滔不盡 / 滔滔不尽
滔滔不竭
滔滔不絕 / 滔滔不绝 (tāotāobùjué)
滔滔而至
滔滔雄辯 / 滔滔雄辩
白浪滔滔
雄辯滔滔 / 雄辩滔滔 (xióngbiàntāotāo)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
滔	滔
とう Hyōgai	とう Hyōgai
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
滔々

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とーとー [tòótóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [to̞ːto̞ː]

Adjective

滔(とう)滔(とう) • (tōtō) ^{←たうたう (tautau)^?}^†-tari (adnominal 滔(とう)滔(とう)とした (tōtō to shita) or 滔(とう)滔(とう)たる (tōtō taru), adverbial 滔(とう)滔(とう)と (tōtō to) or 滔(とう)滔(とう)として (tōtō to shite))

torrential (of flowing water)
voluble (of speech)
flowing strongly in one direction (of a matter of the times)

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "滔滔たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	滔滔たら	たうたうたら	tautautara
Continuative (連用形)	滔滔と^[1] 滔滔たり^[2]	たうたうとたうたうたり	tautauto tautautari
Terminal (終止形)	滔滔たり	たうたうたり	tautautari
Attributive (連体形)	滔滔たる	たうたうたる	tautautaru
Realis (已然形)	滔滔たれ	たうたうたれ	tautautare
Imperative (命令形)	滔滔たれ	たうたうたれ	tautautare
Key constructions
Negative	滔滔たらず	たうたうたらず	tautautarazu
Contrasting conjunction	滔滔たれど	たうたうたれど	tautautaredo
Causal conjunction	滔滔たれば	たうたうたれば	tautautareba
Conditional conjunction	滔滔たらば	たうたうたらば	tautautaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	滔滔たりき	たうたうたりき	tautautariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	滔滔たりけり	たうたうたりけり	tautautarikeri
Adverbial	滔滔と	たうたうと	tautauto
^[1]Without auxiliary verb. ^[2]With auxiliary verb.

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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