演習

See also: 演习

Chinese

		to develop; to evolve; to practise to develop; to evolve; to practise; to perform; to play; to act	to practise; to study; habit
trad. (演習)		演	習
simp. (演习)		演	习

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yǎnxí

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ ㄒㄧˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): янщи (i͡anxi, II-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin² zaap⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yên-si̍p / yân-si̍p
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ián-si̍p

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎnxí
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ ㄒㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎnsí
  - Wade–Giles: yen³-hsi²
  - Yale: yǎn-syí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeanshyi
  - Palladius: яньси (janʹsi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: янщи (i͡anxi, II-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iæ̃⁵¹ ɕi²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jin² zaap⁶
  - Yale: yín jaahp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin² dzaap⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin² zab⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn³⁵ t͡saːp̚²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yên-si̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien^ˊ xib
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹ xib⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ sip̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yân-si̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian^ˊ xib
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹ xib⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ sip̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ián-si̍p
  - Tâi-lô: ián-si̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iefnsip
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sip̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/

Verb

演習

(military, firefighting) to do field practice; to do operations training; to drill; to perform exercises; to maneuver
海軍演習／海军演习 ― hǎijūn yǎnxí ― naval maneuver

消防演習／消防演习 ― xiāofáng yǎnxí ― fire drill

防空演習／防空演习 ― fángkōng yǎnxí ― air-defense exercise

Derived terms

軍事演習 / 军事演习 (jūnshì yǎnxí)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (演習):

→ Japanese: 演習(えんしゅう) (enshū)
→ Korean: 연습(演習) (yeonseup)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
演	習
えん Grade: 5	しゅう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) えんしゅう [èńshúú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ɰ̃ɕɨː]

Noun

演(えん)習(しゅう) • (enshū)

exercise, drill
難(むずか)しい演習(えんしゅう)だった。
Muzukashii enshū datta.
That was a very hard quiz.

Verb

演(えん)習(しゅう)する • (enshū suru) intransitive suru (stem 演(えん)習(しゅう)し (enshū shi), past 演(えん)習(しゅう)した (enshū shita))

practice

Conjugation

Conjugation of "演習する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	演習し	えんしゅうし	enshū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	演習し	えんしゅうし	enshū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	演習する	えんしゅうする	enshū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	演習する	えんしゅうする	enshū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	演習すれ	えんしゅうすれ	enshū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	演習せよ¹ 演習しろ²	えんしゅうせよ¹ えんしゅうしろ²	enshū seyo¹ enshū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	演習される	えんしゅうされる	enshū sareru
Causative	演習させる演習さす	えんしゅうさせるえんしゅうさす	enshū saseru enshū sasu
Potential	演習できる	えんしゅうできる	enshū dekiru
Volitional	演習しよう	えんしゅうしよう	enshū shiyō
Negative	演習しない	えんしゅうしない	enshū shinai
Negative continuative	演習せず	えんしゅうせず	enshū sezu
Formal	演習します	えんしゅうします	enshū shimasu
Perfective	演習した	えんしゅうした	enshū shita
Conjunctive	演習して	えんしゅうして	enshū shite
Hypothetical conditional	演習すれば	えんしゅうすれば	enshū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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