焼べる

Japanese

Alternative spellings
燒べる (kyūjitai) 焚べる

From Old Japanese verb 焼ぶ (kubu).

Development

Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

焼(く)べる • (kuberu) transitive ichidan (stem 焼(く)べ (kube), past 焼(く)べた (kubeta))

to put something in fire
もう少(すこ)しまきを火(ひ)にくべなさい。
Mō sukoshi maki o hi ni kubenasai.
Put some more wood on the fire.
to burn
to throw on the fire
to add to a fire

Most often written in hiragana as it is considered a verb whose stem is not commonly used as a content word on its own.

Conjugation of "焼べる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	焼べ	くべ	kube
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	焼べ	くべ	kube
Shūshikei ("terminal")	焼べる	くべる	kuberu
Rentaikei ("attributive")	焼べる	くべる	kuberu
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	焼べれ	くべれ	kubere
Meireikei ("imperative")	焼べよ¹ 焼べろ²	くべよ¹ くべろ²	kubeyo¹ kubero²
Key constructions
Passive	焼べられる	くべられる	kuberareru
Causative	焼べさせる焼べさす	くべさせるくべさす	kubesaseru kubesasu
Potential	焼べられる焼べれる³	くべられるくべれる³	kuberareru kubereru³
Volitional	焼べよう	くべよう	kubeyō
Negative	焼べない焼べぬ焼べん	くべないくべぬくべん	kubenai kubenu kuben
Negative continuative	焼べず	くべず	kubezu
Formal	焼べます	くべます	kubemasu
Perfective	焼べた	くべた	kubeta
Conjunctive	焼べて	くべて	kubete
Hypothetical conditional	焼べれば	くべれば	kubereba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN