直言
Chinese
straight; vertical; frank straight; vertical; frank; directly; straightly; upright |
to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (直言) |
直 | 言 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhíyán
- Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhyán
- Wade–Giles: chih2-yen2
- Yale: jŕ-yán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyryan
- Palladius: чжиянь (čžijanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ jɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zik6 jin4
- Yale: jihk yìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzik9 jin4
- Guangdong Romanization: jig6 yin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɪk̚² jiːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍t-giân
- Tâi-lô: ti̍t-giân
- Phofsit Daibuun: didgieen
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tit̚²⁴⁻² ɡiɛn²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tit̚⁴⁻³² ɡiɛn²³/
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /tit̚⁴⁻³² ɡiɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍t-gân
- Tâi-lô: ti̍t-gân
- Phofsit Daibuun: didgaan
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡan¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
Verb
直言
- to speak bluntly and to the point; to be outspoken
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 直 | 言 |
| ちょく Grade: 2 |
げん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
直言 • (chokugen)
- speaking bluntly and to the point; being outspoken
Verb
直言する • (chokugen suru) suru (stem 直言し (chokugen shi), past 直言した (chokugen shita))
- to speak bluntly and to the point; to be outspoken
Conjugation
Conjugation of "直言する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 直言し | ちょくげんし | chokugen shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 直言し | ちょくげんし | chokugen shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 直言する | ちょくげんする | chokugen suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 直言する | ちょくげんする | chokugen suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 直言すれ | ちょくげんすれ | chokugen sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 直言せよ¹ 直言しろ² |
ちょくげんせよ¹ ちょくげんしろ² |
chokugen seyo¹ chokugen shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 直言される | ちょくげんされる | chokugen sareru | |
| Causative | 直言させる 直言さす |
ちょくげんさせる ちょくげんさす |
chokugen saseru chokugen sasu | |
| Potential | 直言できる | ちょくげんできる | chokugen dekiru | |
| Volitional | 直言しよう | ちょくげんしよう | chokugen shiyō | |
| Negative | 直言しない | ちょくげんしない | chokugen shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 直言せず | ちょくげんせず | chokugen sezu | |
| Formal | 直言します | ちょくげんします | chokugen shimasu | |
| Perfective | 直言した | ちょくげんした | chokugen shita | |
| Conjunctive | 直言して | ちょくげんして | chokugen shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 直言すれば | ちょくげんすれば | chokugen sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||