破土

Chinese

		to break; to split; broken to break; to split; broken; damaged; worn out	earth; dust; rural earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian
simp. and trad. (破土)		破	土

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pòtǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄛˋ ㄊㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): po³ tou²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phò͘-thó͘ / phò-thó͘ / phòa-thó͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pòtǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ ㄊㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pòtǔ
  - Wade–Giles: pʻo⁴-tʻu³
  - Yale: pwò-tǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pohtuu
  - Palladius: поту (potu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: po³ tou²
  - Yale: po tóu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: po³ tou²
  - Guangdong Romanization: po³ tou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔː³³ tʰou̯³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phò͘-thó͘
  - Tâi-lô: phòo-thóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phortor
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phò-thó͘
  - Tâi-lô: phò-thóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoirtor
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰo¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰɔ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰo²¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phòa-thó͘
  - Tâi-lô: phuà-thóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoartor
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰua²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰɔ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰua¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰua²¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔ⁵³/

Verb

破土

to break ground (in starting a building project, etc.)
to start spring ploughing
to break through the soil (of a seedling)