苦行
Chinese
bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful |
to go; to do; capable to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behaviour; conduct; a row; profession; professional | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (苦行) | 苦 | 行 | |
| simp. #(苦行) | 苦 | 行 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fu2 hang4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khú-hàng
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khó͘-hēng
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: kǔxíng
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kǔsíng
- Wade–Giles: kʻu3-hsing2
- Yale: kǔ-syíng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuushyng
- Palladius: кусин (kusin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fu2 hang4
- Yale: fú hàhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu2 hang4
- Guangdong Romanization: fu2 heng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuː³⁵ hɐŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khú-hàng
- Hakka Romanization System: kuˋ hangˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ku3 hang2
- Sinological IPA: /kʰu³¹ haŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-hēng
- Tâi-lô: khóo-hīng
- Phofsit Daibuun: qofheng
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɪŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ³³/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
苦行
Derived terms
Noun
苦行
- (literary) person in charge of odd jobs in a temple
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 苦 | 行 |
| く Grade: 3 |
ぎょう Grade: 2 |
| goon | |
Pronunciation
Noun
- strenuous work
- (Buddhism) practicing asceticism
Verb
苦行する • (kugyō suru) ←くぎやう (kugyau)?suru (stem 苦行し (kugyō shi), past 苦行した (kugyō shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "苦行する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 苦行し | くぎょうし | kugyō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 苦行し | くぎょうし | kugyō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 苦行する | くぎょうする | kugyō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 苦行する | くぎょうする | kugyō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 苦行すれ | くぎょうすれ | kugyō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 苦行せよ¹ 苦行しろ² |
くぎょうせよ¹ くぎょうしろ² |
kugyō seyo¹ kugyō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 苦行される | くぎょうされる | kugyō sareru | |
| Causative | 苦行させる 苦行さす |
くぎょうさせる くぎょうさす |
kugyō saseru kugyō sasu | |
| Potential | 苦行できる | くぎょうできる | kugyō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 苦行しよう | くぎょうしよう | kugyō shiyō | |
| Negative | 苦行しない | くぎょうしない | kugyō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 苦行せず | くぎょうせず | kugyō sezu | |
| Formal | 苦行します | くぎょうします | kugyō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 苦行した | くぎょうした | kugyō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 苦行して | くぎょうして | kugyō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 苦行すれば | くぎょうすれば | kugyō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||