草稿

Chinese

		grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty	manuscript; draft; stalk of grain
trad. (草稿)		草	稿
simp. ^#(草稿)		草	稿

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): cǎogǎo

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄍㄠˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cao³ gao³
Cantonese (Jyutping): cou² gou²
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cao³ go³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhó-kó / chháu-kó

(Teochew, Peng'im): cao² go²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cǎogǎo [Phonetic: cáogǎo]
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄍㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǎogǎo
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻao³-kao³
  - Yale: tsǎu-gǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaogao
  - Palladius: цаогао (caogao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cǎogǎor [Phonetic: cáogǎor]
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄍㄠˇㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǎogǎor
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻao³-kao³-ʼrh
  - Yale: tsǎu-gǎur
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaogaol
  - Palladius: цаогаор (caogaor)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kaʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cao³ gao³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: caogao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰau⁵³ kau⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cou² gou²
  - Yale: chóu góu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsou² gou²
  - Guangdong Romanization: cou² gou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ kou̯³⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cao³ go³ [Phonetic: cao⁵ o³]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: châu-geô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰau⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ^(k-)o⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cao³ go³ [Phonetic: cao⁵ go³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰau³³²⁻²¹ ko³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-kó
  - Tâi-lô: tshó-kó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoy'koir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ko⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɤ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-kó
  - Tâi-lô: tsháu-kó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaw'koir
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɤ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cao² go²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsháu kó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰau⁵²⁻³⁵ ko⁵²⁻²¹/

Noun

草稿

rough draft; sketch; outline (Classifier: 篇 m)
(Puxian Min) grass stem

Synonyms

edit

初稿 (chūgǎo)
底子 (dǐzi)
文稿 (wéngǎo)
稿 (gǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
稿子 (gǎozi)
草底 (cǎodǐ) (colloquial)

Derived terms

吹牛不打草稿 (chuīniú bù dǎ cǎogǎo)

References

莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “草稿”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 79.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
草	稿
そう Grade: 1	こう Grade: S
on'yomi

Etymology

/saukau/ → /sɔːkɔː/ → /soːkoː/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 草稿 (MC tshawX). First attested in Japanese in 1116.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) そーこー [sòókóó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [so̞ːko̞ː]

Noun

草(そう)稿(こう) • (sōkō) ^{←さうかう (saukau)^?}

[from 1116] notes, draft
Synonyms: 下書き (shitagaki, “outline, sketch”), 原稿 (genkō, “first draft, original version”), 草案 (sōan, “draft, rough idea”)

References

^ “草稿”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJc-1] “草稿”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]