莊嚴

See also: 荘厳

Chinese

		farm; village	(air or water) tight; stern; serious (air or water) tight; stern; serious; strict; severe
trad. (莊嚴)		莊	嚴
simp. (庄严)		庄	严

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhuāngyán

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zong¹ jim⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chông-ngiàm

(Hailu, HRS): zong^ˋ ngiam
Eastern Min (BUC): cŏng-ngièng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zorng¹ ngieng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chong-giâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): zang¹ ngiam⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhuāngyán
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhuangyán
  - Wade–Giles: chuang¹-yen²
  - Yale: jwāng-yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juangyan
  - Palladius: чжуанъянь (čžuanʺjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zong¹ jim⁴
  - Yale: jōng yìhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzong¹ jim⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: zong¹ yim⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːm²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chông-ngiàm
  - Hakka Romanization System: zong^ˊ ngiam^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zong¹ ngiam²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ²⁴ ŋi̯am¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zong^ˋ ngiam
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ⁵³ ŋiam⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cŏng-ngièng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡souŋ⁵⁵ ŋieŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zorng¹ ngieng² [Phonetic: zorng⁵ ngieng²]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: co̤ng-ngiáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ŋiɛŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zorng¹ ngieng² [Phonetic: zorng⁵ ngieng²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ŋiɛŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chong-giâm
  - Tâi-lô: tsong-giâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zonggiaam
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiam²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ³³ ɡiam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiam¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiam²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiam²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zang¹ ngiam⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsang ngiâm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ³³⁻²³ ŋiam⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsrjang ngjaem

Rime
Character	莊	嚴
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	嚴 (145)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	側羊切	語𩏩切
Baxter	tsrjang	ngjaem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃɨɐŋ/	/ŋɨɐm/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂiɐŋ/	/ŋiɐm/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃiɑŋ/	/ŋiɐm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂɨaŋ/	/ŋɨam/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃiaŋ/	/ŋiɐm/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃĭaŋ/	/ŋĭɐm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂi̯aŋ/	/ŋi̯ɐm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhuāng	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zong¹	jim⁴

Adjective

莊嚴

solemn; dignified; stately
莊嚴宣誓／庄严宣誓 ― zhuāngyán xuānshì ― to solemnly oath

Synonyms

edit

恭敬 (gōngjìng)
恭順 / 恭顺 (gōngshùn)
敬 (jìng) (literary, or in compounds)
敬虔 (jìngqián)
莊敬 / 庄敬 (zhuāngjìng) (literary)
虔恪 (qiánkè) (literary)
虔敬 (qiánjìng)
虔誠 / 虔诚 (qiánchéng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (莊嚴):

→ Japanese: 荘厳(そうごん) (sōgon); 荘厳(しょうごん) (shōgon)
→ Korean: 장엄(莊嚴) (jang'eom)
→ Vietnamese: trang nghiêm (莊嚴)

References

“莊嚴”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
“莊嚴”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
“Entry #16407”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 33.