西瓜
Chinese
| west | melon; claw; gourd melon; claw; gourd; squash | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (西瓜) | 西 | 瓜 | |
| simp. #(西瓜) | 西 | 瓜 | |
| Literally: “western melon”. | |||
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'xi1 gua1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xi1 gua1
- Northern Min (KCR): sí-guá
- Eastern Min (BUC): să̤-guă
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): se1 gua1 / se1 guo1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1shi-ko
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): si1 gua1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xīguā → xīgua (toneless final syllable variant)
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ ㄍㄨㄚ → ㄒㄧ ˙ㄍㄨㄚ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: siguå
- Wade–Giles: hsi1-kua5
- Yale: syī-gwa
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi.gua
- Palladius: сигуа (sigua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/ → /ɕi⁵⁵ g̊u̯ä²/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xi1 gua1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xigua
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi⁵⁵ kua⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: sìguà [Phonetic: sīguà]
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): si1 gua1 [Phonetic: si4 gua1]
- Sinological IPA (key): /si³¹⁻³³ kua³¹/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sai1 gwaa1
- Yale: sāi gwā
- Cantonese Pinyin: sai1 gwaa1
- Guangdong Romanization: sei1 gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐi̯⁵⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhai1 ga1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬai³³ ka³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sî-kôa
- Hakka Romanization System: xiˊ guaˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xi1 gua1
- Sinological IPA: /si²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯a²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: siˋ guaˋ
- Sinological IPA: /si⁵³ kua⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: xi1 gua1
- Sinological IPA: /ɕi⁴⁴ kua⁴⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sí-guá
- Sinological IPA (key): /si⁵⁴ kua⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: se1 gua1 [Phonetic: se5 ua1]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sa̤-gua
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ (k-)ua⁵³³/
- (Xianyou, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: se1 gua1 [Phonetic: se5 ua1]
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ (k-)ua⁵⁴⁴/
- (Youyang)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: se1 gua1 [Phonetic: se5 ua1]
- Sinological IPA (key): /θe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ (k-)ua⁵⁴⁴/
- (Jiangkou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: se1 guo1 [Phonetic: se5 uo1]
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ (k-)uo⁵³³/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Lukang, Singapore, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si-koe
- Tâi-lô: si-kue
- Phofsit Daibuun: si'koef
- IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /si⁴⁴⁻²² kue⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang, Philippines): /si³³ kue³³/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /si⁴⁴⁻³³ kue⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Sanxia, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se-koe
- Tâi-lô: se-kue
- Phofsit Daibuun: se'koef
- IPA (Xiamen): /se⁴⁴⁻²² kue⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /se³³ kue³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si-koa
- Tâi-lô: si-kua
- Phofsit Daibuun: si'koaf
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁴⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/
- IPA (Penang): /si³³⁻²¹ kua³³/
- (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sai-koe
- Tâi-lô: sai-kue
- Phofsit Daibuun: sai'koef
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sai⁴⁴⁻³³ kue⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: si1 guê1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si kue
- Sinological IPA (key): /si³³⁻²³ kue³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Lukang, Singapore, Philippines)
- Wu
- Xiang
Noun
西瓜
- watermelon (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 c)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 西瓜 (“watermelon”) [map]
- 寒瓜 (archaic, used during Yuan and Ming times)
Derived terms
Descendants
Others:
- → Brunei Malay: sikoi
- → English: xigua
- → Mongolian: шийгуа (šiigua)
- → Tagalog: sikoy
- → Zhuang: sihgvah, sae'gva
References
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “412 西瓜”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 331.
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 西 | 瓜 |
| すい Grade: 2 |
か Jinmeiyō |
| tōon | kan'on |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 水瓜 |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 西瓜 (MC sej kwae, literally “west melon”). Compare modern Mandarin 西瓜 (xīguā, “watermelon”). Sui is the 唐音 (tōon) of 西.[1][2][3][4] There is an alternative spelling 水瓜,[1][3][2][4][5] which may be seen as both ateji and a calque of English watermelon.
Various Japanese references indicate that the fruit was imported from China in the early Edo period in the 1600s.[1][3][2] However, the word is first attested in Japanese in a text from the 1360s, suggesting that the fruit was originally imported earlier, but did not become more widely known until the 1600s.[4]
Pronunciation
Noun
西瓜 or 西瓜 • (suika) ←すいくわ (suikwa)?
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as スイカ (suika).
Derived terms
- 西瓜糖 (suikatō, “watermelon sugar, sugar made by concentrating watermelon juice”)
- 西瓜割り (suikawari, “a traditional Japanese game that involves splitting a watermelon with a stick whilst blindfolded”)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 “西瓜”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 “西瓜・水瓜”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 西 | 瓜 |
Noun
西瓜 • (seogwa) (hangeul 서과)
Okinawan
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 西 | 瓜 |
| しー Grade: 2 |
くゎ Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɕiːkʷa/
Noun
西瓜 or 西瓜 (shīkwa)
- watermelon
- Synonym: 広東瓜 (kwantuui)
References
- “シークヮ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).