要る

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term

Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Derived from () (iru, to enter).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「要る
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
要る [ìrú]
Imperative (命令形) - - -
Key constructions
Passive 要られる られる [ìrárérú]
Causative 要らせる らせる [ìrásérú]
Potential - - -
Volitional 要ろう [ìróꜜò]
Negative 要らない らない [ìránáí]
Negative perfective 要らなかった らなかった [ìránáꜜkàttà]
Formal 要ります りま [ìrímáꜜsù]
Perfective 要った った [ìttá]
Conjunctive 要って って [ìtté]
Hypothetical conditional 要れば [ìréꜜbà]
  • (Kyoto) いる [írú] (Kōki – [0])[1]

Verb

() • (iruintransitive godan (stem () (iri), past ()った (itta))

  1. to be necessary, to be needed
    (かね)()ります? — いいえ()りません
    Okane ga irimasu ka? — Īe, irimasen.
    Do you need money? — No, I don't need money.
    この(ほん)()ります
    Kono hon wa irimasu ka?
    Do you need this book?

Usage notes

  • Usually spelled in hiragana, with the kanji being used for formal contexts. The past form is falling out of use.[5]
  • The thing needed is the subject of () (iru), rather than the object, as it would be for English need. The verb () (iru) is intransitive and cannot take an object.

Conjugation

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 い・る 【入・要】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ^ 「お金がいった」は、おかしい?, NHK, 2017