訓令
Chinese
example; pattern; to teach example; pattern; to teach; to train; instruction |
make or cause to be; order; command make or cause to be; order; command; decree; honourable | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (訓令) | 訓 | 令 | |
| simp. (训令) | 训 | 令 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xùnlìng
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄌㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syùnlìng
- Wade–Giles: hsün4-ling4
- Yale: syùn-lìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunnlinq
- Palladius: сюньлин (sjunʹlin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕyn⁵¹⁻⁵³ liŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fan3 ling6
- Yale: fan lihng
- Cantonese Pinyin: fan3 ling6
- Guangdong Romanization: fen3 ling6
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɐn³³ lɪŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hùn-lēng
- Tâi-lô: hùn-līng
- Phofsit Daibuun: huonleng
- IPA (Xiamen): /hun²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɪŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /hun¹¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²¹⁻⁴¹ liɪŋ³³/
- (Hokkien)
Noun
訓令
- order; instruction; official directive; written instructions from superiors
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 訓 | 令 |
| くん Grade: 4 |
れい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
訓令 • (kunrei)
- (from a superior, to an inferior) instruction, order, command
- (government) an order from a higher government office, such as the Cabinet or a ministry, to a lower government office, which interprets ordinances or policies, or directs and supervises its duties and exercise of authority
- (military) an order with only an objective, leaving the choice of the method to the executor
Derived terms
- 訓令式 (kunreishiki)
Verb
訓令する • (kunrei suru) transitive suru (stem 訓令し (kunrei shi), past 訓令した (kunrei shita))
- (from a superior, to an inferior) to instruct, command
- (government) to issue a command as mentioned above
- (military) to issue a command as mentioned above
Conjugation
Conjugation of "訓令する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 訓令し | くんれいし | kunrei shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 訓令し | くんれいし | kunrei shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 訓令する | くんれいする | kunrei suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 訓令する | くんれいする | kunrei suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 訓令すれ | くんれいすれ | kunrei sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 訓令せよ¹ 訓令しろ² |
くんれいせよ¹ くんれいしろ² |
kunrei seyo¹ kunrei shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 訓令される | くんれいされる | kunrei sareru | |
| Causative | 訓令させる 訓令さす |
くんれいさせる くんれいさす |
kunrei saseru kunrei sasu | |
| Potential | 訓令できる | くんれいできる | kunrei dekiru | |
| Volitional | 訓令しよう | くんれいしよう | kunrei shiyō | |
| Negative | 訓令しない | くんれいしない | kunrei shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 訓令せず | くんれいせず | kunrei sezu | |
| Formal | 訓令します | くんれいします | kunrei shimasu | |
| Perfective | 訓令した | くんれいした | kunrei shita | |
| Conjunctive | 訓令して | くんれいして | kunrei shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 訓令すれば | くんれいすれば | kunrei sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN