轅

See also: 辕

轅	U+8F45, 轅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F45

← 轄
[U+8F44]

CJK Unified Ideographs

轆 →
[U+8F46]

Translingual

Han character

轅 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+10, 17 strokes, cangjie input 十十土口女 (JJGRV), four-corner 5403₂, composition ⿰車袁)

axle
magistrate's office
used as a surname

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1247, character 33
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38483
Dae Jaweon: page 1725, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3548, character 6
Unihan data for U+8F45

Chinese

trad.		轅
simp.		辕
2nd round simp.		𰹷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (袁) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
薳	*ɢʷalʔ
袁	*ɢʷan
園	*ɢʷan
轅	*ɢʷan
猿	*ɢʷan
榬	*ɢʷan
溒	*ɢʷan
遠	ɢʷanʔ, ɢʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷan): semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 袁 (OC *ɢʷan).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuán (yuan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): oân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²
  - Yale: ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
  - Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jyun⁴
  - Yale: yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân
  - Tâi-lô: uân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oaan
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan¹³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /uan²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²³/

Middle Chinese: hjwon

Rime
Character	轅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	雨元切
Baxter	hjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuan/
Li Rong	/ɣiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷa[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	轅
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷa[n]/
English	carriage-pole
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	轅
Reading #	1/1
No.	16222
Phonetic component	袁
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	袁
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷan/

Definitions

轅

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

北轅適楚 / 北辕适楚
北轍南轅 / 北辙南辕
南轅北轍 / 南辕北辙 (nányuánběizhé)
張堪折轅 / 张堪折辕
拜倒轅門 / 拜倒辕门
攀轅扣馬 / 攀辕扣马
攀轅臥轍 / 攀辕卧辙
攀轅遮道 / 攀辕遮道
改轅易轍 / 改辕易辙
行轅 / 行辕 (xíngyuán)
車轅 / 车辕 (chēyuán)
軒轅 / 轩辕 (xuānyuán)
轅下駒 / 辕下驹
轅固 / 辕固
轅門 / 辕门 (yuánmén)
轅門射戟 / 辕门射戟
轘轅 / 𮝹辕

Japanese

Kanji

轅

(Hyōgai kanji)

shaft

Readings

On (unclassified): えん (en)
Kun: ながえ (nagae)

Korean

Hanja

轅 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)

axle
magistrate's office

Vietnamese

Han character

轅: Hán Nôm readings: viên

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.