適者生存

See also: 适者生存

Chinese

		to fit; to suit	‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does something)	to live; to exist; to subsist to live; to exist; to subsist; to survive
trad. (適者生存)		適	者	生存
simp. (适者生存)		适	者	生存

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shìzhě shēngcún

(Zhuyin): ㄕˋ ㄓㄜˇ ㄕㄥㄘㄨㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sik¹ ze² sang¹ cyun⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shìzhě shēngcún
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄓㄜˇ ㄕㄥㄘㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shìhjhě shengcún
  - Wade–Giles: shih⁴-chê³ shêng¹-tsʻun²
  - Yale: shr̀-jě shēng-tswún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhjee shengtswen
  - Palladius: шичжэ шэнцунь (šičžɛ šɛncunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sik¹ ze² sang¹ cyun⁴
  - Yale: sīk jé sāng chyùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁷ dze² sang¹ tsyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: xig¹ zé² seng¹ qun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

Phrase

適者生存

survival of the fittest

Japanese

Kanji in this term
適	者	生	存
てき Grade: 5	しゃ Grade: 3	せい Grade: 1	ぞん Grade: 6
kan'yōon	on'yomi	kan'on	goon

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Etymology

Compound of 適(てき)者(しゃ) (tekisha, “adapted one”) + 生(せい)存(ぞん) (seizon, “survives”).

Coined by Japanese biologist and zoologist Ishikawa Chiyomatsu in 1883 in his work 動物進化論 (Dōbutsu Shinkaron) as a translation of English survival of the fittest.^[1]^[2]

In addition, it was translated as 適(てき)種(しゅ)生(せい)存(ぞん) (tekishu seizon) in the 1881 work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Philosophy Dictionary”) compiled by Inoue Tetsujirō.^[1]^[3]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) てきしゃ・せーぞん [téꜜkìshà sèézóń] (Atamadaka + Heiban – [1]-[0])^[4]^[5]

(Tokyo) てきしゃせーぞん [téꜜkìshà sèèzòǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[5]
IPA^(key): [te̞kʲi̥ɕa̠ se̞ːzõ̞ɴ]

Noun

適(てき)者(しゃ)生(せい)存(ぞん) • (tekisha seizon)

the survival of the fittest

Related terms

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ “適者生存”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881) 哲学字彙 [Dictionary of Philosophy]‎^[2], University of Tokyo, page 88
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
適	者	生	存

Noun

適者生存 • (jeokjasaengjon) (hangeul 적자생존)

hanja form^? of 적자생존

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[2] “適者生存”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[3] Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881) 哲学字彙 [Dictionary of Philosophy]‎^[2], University of Tokyo, page 88

[SMK7-4] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-5] 5.0 ^5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]