鄰國

See also: 隣国

Chinese

		neighbour; adjacent; close to	country; state; nation
trad. (鄰國/隣國)		鄰/隣	國
simp. (邻国)		邻	国

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): línguó

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): leon⁴ gwok³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lìn-koet
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lîn-kok

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: línguó
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: línguó
  - Wade–Giles: lin²-kuo²
  - Yale: lín-gwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lingwo
  - Palladius: линьго (linʹgo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: leon⁴ gwok³
  - Yale: lèuhn gwok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loen⁴ gwok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: lên⁴ guog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵn²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lìn-koet
  - Hakka Romanization System: lin^ˇ gued^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lin² gued⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /lin¹¹ ku̯et̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-kok
  - Tâi-lô: lîn-kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: linkog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lin¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lin²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: lin kwok

Rime
Character	鄰	國
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	德 (132)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	力珍切	古或切
Baxter	lin	kwok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liɪn/	/kwək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lin/	/kʷək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ljen/	/kuək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lin/	/kwək̚/
Li Rong	/liĕn/	/kuək̚/
Wang Li	/lĭĕn/	/kuək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ĕn/	/kwək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lín	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lan⁴	gwak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*(mə.)rə[n] [C.q]ʷˤək/

(Zhengzhang): /*rin kʷɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鄰	國
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lín	guó
Middle Chinese	‹ lin ›	‹ kwok ›
Old Chinese	/*(mə.)rə[n]/	/*[C.q]ʷˁək/
English	group of 5 families; neighbor	state (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鄰	國
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8195	5547
Phonetic component	粦	或
Rime group	眞	職
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	㷠	國
Old Chinese	/*rin/	/*kʷɯːɡ/

Noun

鄰國

neighbouring country

Synonyms

鄰邦／邻邦 (línbāng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鄰國):

→ Japanese: 隣国(りんごく) (ringoku)
→ Korean: 인국(鄰國) (in'guk)

Korean

Hanja in this term
鄰	國

Noun

鄰國 • (in'guk) (hangeul 인국)

hanja form^? of 인국 (“neighbouring country”)