雖も

From Old Japanese. Attested since at least the Man'yōshū of 759.^[1]

Analyzable as 仮定形(かていけい) (kateikei)/已然形(いぜんけい) (izenkei) of verb 言(い)う (iu, to say) + inflectional suffix ど (do, indicating contrasting conjunction) + particle も (mo).^[1][2][3][4]

The kanji spelling is from Middle Chinese via kanbun.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

Up through the Heian period, the reading ifu to mo was used specifically for hypothetical statements, while the iedo mo reading was used specifically for conditional statements. Over time, this distinction eroded, and by the Edo period, the iedo mo reading was used for both cases.^[1][2][3]

• (Tokyo) いえども [ìéꜜdòmò] (Nakadaka – [2])^[3][6]
• IPA^(key): [ie̞do̞mo̞]

雖(いえど)も • (iedomo) ^{←いへども (ifedomo)?}

1. [from 700s] (literary) even though; despite; notwithstanding

Some style guides may proscribe the alternative spelling 言えども in formal contexts.^[7]

From Old Japanese. Attested since at least the Man'yōshū of 759.^[1]

Analyzable as verb 言(い)う (iu, “to say”) + particle と (to) + particle も (mo).^[1]

Up through the Heian period, the reading ifu to mo was used specifically for hypothetical statements, while the iedo mo reading was used specifically for conditional statements. Over time, this distinction eroded, and by the Edo period, the iedo mo reading was used for both cases.^[1][2][3]

• IPA^(key): [iɯ̟to̞mo̞]
• IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ːto̞mo̞]

雖(いうと)も • (iutomo) ^{←いふとも (ifutomo)?}

1. [from 700s] (literary, archaic, possibly obsolete) even though; despite; notwithstanding