颱風
Chinese
| typhoon | wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (颱風/台風*) | 颱/台 | 風 | |
| simp. (台风*) | 台 | 风 | |
| anagram | 風颱／风台 | ||
Etymology
Debated. Various theories include:
- Compound of 颱 (“violent wind”) and 風 (“wind”). The former is a word attested from the eighteenth century.
- Compound of 台 (“Taiwan”) and 風 (“wind”), as most typhoons affecting the southeastern coast of China appear to have originated from the direction of Taiwan.
- Phono-semantic matching of English typhoon, in turn from southern Chinese (Cantonese or Hakka) 大風 (“windstorm”).
For more on the historical records of typhoons in China, see Louie and Liu (2003).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): toi4 fung1
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'tai2 fung1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): tai1 feng1
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tai1 horng1
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thai-hong / thai-hoang
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6de-fon1 / 2de-fon1 / 6de2-fon1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin: táifēng → táifeng (toneless final syllable variant)
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄞˊ ㄈㄥ → ㄊㄞˊ ˙ㄈㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: táifo̊ng
- Wade–Giles: tʻai2-fêng5
- Yale: tái-feng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tair.feng
- Palladius: тайфэн (tajfɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰaɪ̯³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/ → /tʰaɪ̯³⁵ fɤŋ³/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 臺風 / 台风
颱風 / 台风
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: táifēngr
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄞˊ ㄈㄥㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: táifongr
- Wade–Giles: tʻai2-fêng1-ʼrh
- Yale: tái-fēngr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tairfengl
- Palladius: тайфэнр (tajfɛnr)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰaɪ̯³⁵ fɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: tai2 fong1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: taifung
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰai²¹ foŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: toi4 fung1
- Yale: tòih fūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: toi4 fung1
- Guangdong Romanization: toi4 fung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔːi̯²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/
- Homophones:
臺風 / 台风
颱風 / 台风
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thòi-fûng
- Hakka Romanization System: toiˇ fungˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: toi2 fung1
- Sinological IPA: /tʰoi̯¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: toi fungˋ
- Sinological IPA: /tʰoi⁵⁵ fuŋ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: toi2 fung1
- Sinological IPA: /tʰoɪ¹¹ fʊŋ⁴⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Puxian Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thai-hong
- Tâi-lô: thai-hong
- Phofsit Daibuun: tai'hofng
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thai-hoang
- Tâi-lô: thai-huang
- Phofsit Daibuun: tai'hoafng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰai³³ huaŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Wugniu: 6de-fon1
- MiniDict: de去 fon平
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3de-fon1
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /de²² foŋ⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
- Wugniu: 2de-fon1
- MiniDict: de平 fon平
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /de²² foŋ³³/
- (Northern: Jiaxing)
- Wugniu: 6de2-fon1
- MiniDict: de平 fon平
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /de²² foŋ⁵³/
- (Northern: Shanghai)
Noun
颱風
Usage notes
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 颱風 (“typhoon”) [map]
Derived terms
- 中度颱風 / 中度台风
- 刮颱風 / 刮台风
- 海上颱風警報 / 海上台风警报
- 納莉颱風 / 纳莉台风
- 超級颱風 / 超级台风
- 輕度颱風 / 轻度台风
- 颱風尾 / 台风尾
- 颱風眼 / 台风眼
- 颱風草 / 台风草
- 颱風警報 / 台风警报
Descendants
See also
References
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “15 台风”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 292.
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 颱 | 風 |
| たい Hyōgai |
ふう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 颱風 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 颱風, is an alternative spelling (dated) of the above term.) |
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 颱 | 風 |
Noun
颱風 • (taepung) (hangeul 태풍)