食齋

Chinese

		eat; food; to feed eat; food; to feed; animal feed	a fast; studio
trad. (食齋)		食	齋
simp. (食斋)		食	斋

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): sik⁶ zaai¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍t-châi

(Hailu, HRS): shid^ˋ zai^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): sed⁶ zai¹
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sia⁷ zai¹ / sie⁷ zai¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chia̍h-che

(Teochew, Peng'im): ziah⁸ zê¹

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): jia⁶ ze¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sik⁶ zaai¹
  - Yale: sihk jāai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁹ dzaai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xig⁶ zai¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚² t͡saːi̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍t-châi
  - Hakka Romanization System: siid zai^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sid⁶ zai¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚⁵ t͡sai̯²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shid^ˋ zai^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃit² t͡sai⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sed⁶ zai¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sət̚⁵ t͡saɪ⁴⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sia⁷ zai¹ [Phonetic: sia⁵ lai¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sia̍h-cai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬia¹³⁻¹¹ ^(t͡s-)lai⁵³³/
- (Xianyou, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sia⁷ zai¹ [Phonetic: sia⁵ lai¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬia²⁴⁻²¹ ^(t͡s-)lai⁵⁴⁴/
- (Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sia⁷ zai¹ [Phonetic: sia⁵ lai¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /θia²⁴⁻²¹ ^(t͡s-)lai⁵⁴⁴/
- (Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sie⁷ zai¹ [Phonetic: sie⁵ zai¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬie⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ t͡sai⁵³³/
- (Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sia⁷ zai¹ [Phonetic: sia⁵ zai¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬia¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sai⁵³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Penang, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chia̍h-che
  - Tâi-lô: tsia̍h-tse
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciaqzef
  - IPA (Penang): /t͡sia(ʔ)⁴⁻³ t͡se³³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /t͡sia(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ t͡se⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ziah⁸ zê¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsia̍h tse
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siaʔ⁴⁻² t͡se³³/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: jia⁶ ze¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sia³³ t͡sɛ³⁵/

Verb

食齋

(Cantonese, Hakka, Malaysian and Singapore Hokkien, Leizhou Min, Teochew, Puxian Min) to live on a vegetarian diet; to be a vegetarian

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 吃素 (“to be a vegetarian; to eat vegetarian food”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		吃素, 吃齋, 茹素
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	吃素
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	吃素
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	吃素
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	吃素, 吃齋
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	吃齋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	食齋
	Hong Kong	食齋, 食素
	Singapore (Guangfu)	食齋
Hakka	Meixian	食齋, 食素
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	食齋
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	食齋
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	食齋
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	食齋
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	食齋
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	食菜
Jin	Taiyuan	吃素
Northern Min	Jian'ou	饁齋
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	食菜
Southern Min	Xiamen	食菜
	Quanzhou	食菜
	Jinjiang	食菜
	Zhangzhou	食菜
	Taipei	食菜
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	食菜
	Kaohsiung	食菜
	Yilan	食素, 食菜
	Changhua (Lukang)	食菜
	Taichung	食菜
	Tainan	食素, 食菜
	Hsinchu	食菜, 食素
	Kinmen	食菜
	Penghu (Magong)	食菜
	Penang (Hokkien)	食菜, 食齋
	Singapore (Hokkien)	食齋
	Manila (Hokkien)	食菜
	Jieyang	食齋
	Leizhou	食齋, 食澈
	Haikou	食齋
Puxian Min	Putian	食齋
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	食齋
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	食齋
	Xianyou	食齋
	Xianyou (Fengting)	食齋
	Xianyou (Youyang)	食齋
Wu	Wenzhou	吃素
Xiang	Loudi	吃齋

Antonyms

吃葷／吃荤 (chīhūn)
茹葷／茹荤 (rúhūn)
(Hokkien) 食臊

References

李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “1671 吃素”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 454.