Egyptian
Other romanization schemes
| Manuel de Codage
|
Apd
|
| Gardiner 1927
|
ꜣpd
|
| Erman & Grapow 1926
|
ꜣpd
|
| Lepsius 1874 (obsolete)
|
apeṭ
|
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈʀaːpVtʼ/ → /ˈʀaːpVtʼ/ → /ˈʔaːpətʼ/ → /ˈʔoːpətʼ/
Noun
m
- a bird in general
- Tomb of Senbi, Rock Tombs at Meir:[1]
- ꜥmꜥꜣ r ꜣpdw
- Throwing at the birds.
- small waterfowl, perhaps particularly a duck
Usage notes
Note that the bird hieroglyph is
G38 , not the nearly identical
G39 .
As a word for birds in general, ꜣpd is found contrasted against words for fish, beetles, etc. In Late Egyptian the word is commonly used in similes for helplessness, wherein people are likened to captured or bound birds.[2]
Inflection
Declension of ꜣpd (masculine)
| singular
|
ꜣpd
|
| dual
|
ꜣpdwj
|
| plural
|
ꜣpdw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣpd
|
|
|
|
| ꜣpd
|
ꜣpd
|
jpd
|
| abbreviation
|
abbreviation in the
offering formula
|
sporadic
|
Derived terms
Descendants
- Demotic: jpt
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲱⲃⲉⲧ (ōbet)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲱⲃⲧ (ōbt)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲃⲧ (ōbt), ⲱϥⲧ (ōft)
- → Ancient Greek: -ωβτ (-ōbt)[3]
See also
Proper noun
m
- (astronomy) a constellation, literally ‘the Bird’, corresponding to modern Triangulum and Perseus
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣpd
|
|
| ꜣpd
|
| [20th Dynasty]
|
from Thebes, Bab el Meluk, Tomb IX,
ceiling inscriptions, southern section[4]
|
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive) to come hastening, to rush onward (+ r: to, towards) [18th Dynasty; with preposition, Greco-Roman Period]
- (intransitive, of the heart) to beat more quickly out of love [Late Period]
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜣpd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜣpd, geminated stem: ꜣpdd
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ꜣpd
|
ꜣpdw, ꜣpd
|
ꜣpdt
|
ꜣpd
|
ꜣpd
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ꜣpd
|
ḥr ꜣpd
|
m ꜣpd
|
r ꜣpd
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
ꜣpd.n
|
consecutive
|
ꜣpd.jn
|
| terminative
|
ꜣpdt
|
| perfective3
|
ꜣpd
|
obligative1
|
ꜣpd.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
ꜣpd
|
| prospective3
|
ꜣpd
|
potentialis1
|
ꜣpd.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
ꜣpd
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ꜣpd.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ꜣpd
|
ꜣpd
|
ꜣpd, ꜣpdw5, ꜣpdy5
|
| imperfective
|
ꜣpd, ꜣpdy, ꜣpdw5
|
ꜣpd, ꜣpdj6, ꜣpdy6
|
ꜣpd, ꜣpdw5
|
| prospective
|
ꜣpd, ꜣpdtj7
|
ꜣpdtj4, ꜣpdt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣpd
|
|
|
| ꜣpd
|
ꜣpt
|
| [Late Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
| in hieratic
|
Verb
3-lit.
- (transitive, hapax legomenon) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: [Late Period]
- to copulate with
- to hasten to, to rush to
- 305 BCE, The Songs of Isis and Nephthys (pBremner-Rhind, British Museum EA10188,2), 5.22–5.27:[5][6]
- m ḥrw r pr.k wsjr […] pꜣ kꜣ-wr nbt-nḏmnḏm ꜣpd.k snj.k ꜣst ḫrs.k stwtj jrj [ḥꜥw.s] ḥpt.s tw nn ḥr.k r.s
- Don’t go far from your house, Osiris. […] O Great Bull, Lord of Sexual Pleasure! Hurry to?/Copulate with? your sister Isis, drive out the pain-substance attached to [her body]: she will embrace you, you won’t draw away from her.
Usage notes
Perhaps identical with the above intransitive verb ‘to rush onward’, with an omission of the following preposition r.
Noun
m
- alternative form of jpdw (“furniture”)
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 9.5–9.9, 9.11–9.14
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 3
- Faulkner, Raymond (1952) “ꜣpd = ‘duck’” in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 38, p. 128
- ^ A. M. Blackman, The Rock Tombs of Meir, Vol. 1, pl. 2
- ^ Grapow, Hermann (1924) Die bildlichen Ausdrücke des Aegyptischen: vom Denken und Dichten einer altorientalischen Sprache, page 91
- ^ Blasco Torres, Ana Isabel (2017) Representing Foreign Sounds: Greek Transcriptions of Egyptian Anthroponyms from 800 BC to 800 AD, Leuven, Salamanca, page 665
- ^ Lepsius, Karl Richard (1849–1859) Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, Tafelwerke, Abtheilung III, Band VII, plate 227
- ^ Faulkner, Raymond O. (1933) The Papyrus Bremner-Rhind (British Museum No. 10188), page 10
- ^ Faulkner, Raymond O. (1936) “The Bremner-Rhind Papyrus-I” in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, volume 22, pages 125, 136