ꜥḥꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Noun

 m

  1. fight, battle

Inflection

Declension of ꜥḥꜣ (masculine)
singular ꜥḥꜣ
dual ꜥḥꜣwj
plural ꜥḥꜣw

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive or transitive) to fight or make war (+ ḥr: for (the sake of); + ḥnꜥ: with, against; + m: by means of, with; + r: against)

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥḥꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥḥꜣ, geminated stem: ꜥḥꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ꜥḥꜣ
 ꜥḥꜣw, ꜥḥꜣ
 ꜥḥꜣt
 ꜥḥꜣ
 ꜥḥꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ꜥḥꜣ
 ḥr ꜥḥꜣ
 m ꜥḥꜣ
 r ꜥḥꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ꜥḥꜣ.n
 ꜥḥꜣw, ꜥḥꜣ
 consecutive ꜥḥꜣ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ꜥḥꜣt
perfective3 ꜥḥꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ꜥḥꜣ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ꜥḥꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ꜥḥꜣ
 ꜥḥꜣꜣ
 potentialis1 ꜥḥꜣ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ꜥḥꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ꜥḥꜣ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ꜥḥꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ꜥḥꜣ
 ꜥḥꜣ, ꜥḥꜣw5, ꜥḥꜣy5
imperfective ꜥḥꜣ, ꜥḥꜣy, ꜥḥꜣw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ꜥḥꜣ, ꜥḥꜣj6, ꜥḥꜣy6
 ꜥḥꜣ, ꜥḥꜣw5
prospective ꜥḥꜣ, ꜥḥꜣtj7
 — ꜥḥꜣtj4, ꜥḥꜣt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥḥꜣ  
ꜥḥꜣ jḥꜣ

Derived terms

Noun

 m

  1. (usually in the plural) arrow
  2. (in the plural) weapon in general

Inflection

Declension of ꜥḥꜣ (masculine)
singular ꜥḥꜣ
dual ꜥḥꜣwj
plural ꜥḥꜣw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥḥꜣ  
ꜥḥꜣ

Proper noun

 m

  1. a serekh name notably borne by Hor-Aha, a pharaoh of the First Dynasty

References

  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 215.1–216.1, 216.12–216.15
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 46
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 83
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 458.
  • von Beckerath, Jürgen (1984) Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen, München: Deutscher Kunstverlag, →ISBN, pages 46, 171
  • British Museum EA 38010
  • Petrie, Flinders (1900) The royal tombs of the first dynasty, part I, plates III, X, XI
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