ꜥꜣj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ʕiˈʀij/ → /ʕiˈʀij/ → /ʕaˈjej/ → /ʕaˈjej/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːʔɑi/
- Conventional anglicization: aai

Verb

3ae inf.

(intransitive) to be(come) physically big, large
(intransitive) to be(come) much, numerous, many in number or great in quantity
(intransitive, of abstract things) to be(come) great in degree or magnitude, strong, extreme
1. (intransitive, of age) to be(come) high, great
2. (intransitive, of strength and power) to be(come) strong, great, mighty
3. (intransitive, of magic, protection, etc.) to be(come) strong, effective, great
(intransitive, of time) to be(come) long
(intransitive, of people, gods, etc.) to be(come) older, senior, the elder among several
- 12th Dynasty, Stela of Nakhti, British Museum EA 143:
  
  wsjr nb-ḏdw nṯr-ꜥꜣ […]
  Osiris, Lord of Djedu, the elder god […]
(intransitive, of people, names, etc.) to be(come) great, important, distinguished, exalted
(intransitive, of people) to be(come) superior, in charge
(intransitive, of crimes) to be(come) grave, severe
(intransitive, of words and decrees) to be(come) heavy, weighty, important
(intransitive, of the Nile) to be(come) high, swollen with floodwater, to be in inundation
(intransitive, of festivals and funerals) to be(come) great, magnificent

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥꜣj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜥꜣ, geminated stem: ꜥꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ꜥꜣt, ꜥꜣj	ꜥꜣw, ꜥꜣ	ꜥꜣt, ꜥꜣwt, ꜥꜣyt	ꜥꜣ	ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ꜥꜣ⁸, ꜥꜣꜣ⁸	ḥr ꜥꜣt, ḥr ꜥꜣj	m ꜥꜣt, m ꜥꜣj	r ꜥꜣt, r ꜥꜣj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	ꜥꜣ.n	consecutive	ꜥꜣ.jn
terminative	ꜥꜣt, ꜥꜣyt	consecutive	ꜥꜣ.jn
perfective³	ꜥꜣ	obligative¹	ꜥꜣ.ḫr
imperfective	ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣy	obligative¹	ꜥꜣ.ḫr
prospective³	ꜥꜣw, ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣy	potentialis¹	ꜥꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive	ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣy	potentialis¹	ꜥꜣ.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	ꜥꜣ.n	—	—
perfective	ꜥꜣw¹, ꜥꜣy, ꜥꜣ	ꜥꜣ	ꜥꜣy, ꜥꜣ
imperfective	ꜥꜣꜣ, ꜥꜣꜣy, ꜥꜣꜣw⁵	ꜥꜣꜣ, ꜥꜣꜣj⁶, ꜥꜣꜣy⁶	ꜥꜣꜣ, ꜥꜣꜣw⁵
prospective	ꜥꜣw¹, ꜥꜣy, ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣtj⁷	ꜥꜣwtj^{1 4}, ꜥꜣtj⁴, ꜥꜣt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.
⁸ Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥꜣj

ꜥꜣj

[Old Kingdom]

[Middle Kingdom]

[Middle and New Kingdoms]

Synonyms

wrr

Derived terms

Descendants

Demotic: ꜥꜣ
- ⇒ Akhmimic Coptic: (from the imperative?) ⲁⲓⲉⲩⲉ (aieue), ⲁⲉⲓⲉⲩⲧⲉ (aeieute)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲓⲁⲓ (aiai)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲓⲉⲓ (aiei)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲓⲁⲓ (aiai)

References

“ꜥꜣi̯ (lemma ID 34750)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 161.3–162.17
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 37
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 457.